showed the arctic conditions, ffe M ifflj ffi M 7K 7 f* (HJ

mnoun [sing.] the Arctic the regions of the world around the North Pole dfcM; :dl$ki&W

the .Arctic 'Circle noun [sing.] the line of latitude 66° 33' North        — compare Antarctic Circle

.Arctic ‘tern noun a bird with a red beak that breeds in the Arctic and spends the winter in the Antarctic itWi

ardent /'a:dnt; NAmE 'airdnt/ adj. [usually before noun] very enthusiastic and showing strong feelings about sth/sb     ^ 'If H771 PASS IGNATE: an ardent

supporter of European unity [xj; M

► ardent-ly adv.

ardour (BrE) (NAmE ardor) /'a:da(r); NAmE 'a:rdar/ noun [U] {formal) very strong feelings of enthusiasm or love $Vlf SEl passion

arduous/’aidjuas; -d3u-; NAmE 'a:rd3uas/ adj. involving a lot of effort and energy, especially over a period of time W ® Eft: an arduous journey across the

Andes       Zlf 0 The work was

arduous. ;iX^7t^[!)(|i.g0 ►ar-du-ous-ly adv.

are1 / a(r); strong form a:(r)/ obe

are2 /ea(r); a:(r); NAmE er; a:r/ noun a unit for measuring an area of land; 100 square metres h ( ^7 1007

)

area /'earia; NAmE 'eria/ noun

►                 PART OF PLACE if IX 1 [C] part of a place, town, etc., or a

region of a country or the world @517

tttlf-W ) fib IX, ftbb£: mountainous/desert areas lIj K ; If ^ftbM O rural/urban/inner-city areas / $. TtT IX; ftlMlX O There is heavy traffic in the downtown area tonight. 4V ^ Th IX 5C 31 %. tt 0 0 She knows the local area very well. M # # 7 M iX fib K (ft ‘I# R„ o John is the London area manager. • fk 46 Wt M & M y o Wreckage from the plane was scattered over a wide area.

0 The farm and

surrounding area was flooded, fn flU HI Jfe IX if

—see also catchment area, conservation

AREA, DEVELOPMENT AREA, NO-GO AREA 2 [C] a part of a room, building or particular space that is used for a special purpose ( ^|h}, ) fib

ft, ¥i M, IX:       the hotel reception area      o

a play/parking/dining area       fib;

— see also rest area, service area

►                 PARTICULAR PLACE n[$ fv. 3 [C] a particular place on an

object (     ± Eft )• [X , hMv : Move the cursor to a

blank area of the computer screen.

1$ $ X o 0 The tumour had not spread to other areas of the body.

►                 SUBJECT/ACTIVITY t f I;      4 [C] ~ (of sth) a particular

subject or activity, or an aspect of it MM; TTm: the

areas of training and development fill % III % }j [fii 0 Finance is Mark’s area.     0 The

big growth area of recent years has been in health clubs.

— see also grey

AREA

►                 MEASUREMENT Jt-Jx 5 [C, U] the amount of space covered

by a flat surface or piece of land, described as a measurement M |R: the area of a triangle   ffi fK

0 The room is 12 square metres in area.

12

►                 FOOTBALL 6 the area (BrE) (in football (soccer) fg. = penalty area : He shot from just outside the

( area. fiblfc«IX^ii^«l|tno

'area code noun (especially NAmE) the numbers for a particular area or city, that you use when you are making a telephone call from outside the local area ( E&i$fft ) fib IX1753 — compare dialling code

arena /a'rirna/ noun 1 a place with a flat open area in the middle and seats around it where people can watch sports and entertainment  MMK'JM : a

concert at Wembley Arena

2 (formal) an area of activity that concerns the public, especially one where there is a lot of opposition between different groups or countries  blf: fg#-