back-date /.baek'deit/ verb [VN] 1 to write a date on a cheque or other document that is earlier than the actual date倒填日期（在支票等上签写比实际较早的日 期）一compare post-date(I) 2 (SrE) to make sth, especially a payment, take effect from an earlier date 使（付款等）在较早的日期开始生效：■P〇sta〖 workers are getting a 5.2% pay rise, backdated to February.

的工资将提高5.2%，追溯至二月份起算。

,back 'door noun the door at the back or side of a building 后门；边门一 picture o page R24 IBTO1 by/ through the back door in an unfair or indirect way 走后门：He used his力iends to        him get into the ciWZ

service by the bacfc door.他利用朋友帮他开后门当上了公 务员。

,back-1 door adj. [only before noun] using indirect or secret means in order to achieve sth 后门的；不正当的 back-draught (also back-draft) /'baekdraift; NAmE -draeft/ noun 1 a current of air that flows backwards down a chimney, pipe, etc.(烟囱、管道等的）倒烟， 倒灌风 2 an explosion caused by more oxygen being supplied to a fire, for example by a door being opened (给火焰供氧过多引起的）回火，逆火 back-drop /'baekdrDp; NAmE -dra:p/ {BrE also back­cloth) noun 1 a painted piece of cloth that is hung behind the stage in a theatre as part of the scenery (舞台的）.背景幕布 2 everything that can be seen around an event that is taking place, but which is not part of that event (事件发生时）周围陪衬景物：The mountains provided a dramatic backdrop for our picnic. 群山如画，给我们的野餐平添景色/onoteatENViRON- ment 3 the general conditions in which an event takes place，, which sometimes help to explain that event C 事 态或活动的.）背景：ft was against this bacfcdrop 〇/ raciai tension that t/ie civi〖 war began•这场内战肇端手 种族之间的紧张状态。

,back 'end noun {especially Br£) 1 the end of a period or process (时段或过程的）结束，结尾：the baefc end 0/ List year 去年年终 2 the part of sth which is behind the part that you can see (病/体的）后端，背面 3 a person’s bottom (= the part they sit on)屁股 'back-end adj. [only before noun] 1 relating to the end of a period or process 结束的；结尾的 2 (co/r?pwf/>?g 计） (of a device or program 设备或程序）not used directiy i»y a user，but used by a program or computer 后端的， 后台的（指不归用户直接使用，而由程序或电脑使用） —compare front-end

back-er /'baek0(r)/ noun a person or company that gives support to sb/stii, especially financial support 支持者；

资助者；赞助人

back-field /'baekfiild/ noun [sing., U] 1 (in American football 美式足球)the area of play behind the line of scrimmage后场（争球线后面区域）2 the players who play in or around this area 守卫队员 back-fill /'baekfil/ verb [VN] to fill a hole with the material that has been dug out of it 回填（用挖出的材 料重新填回洞穴）

back.fire Abaek'fai3(r)/ ve/i? [V】.1 〜(on sb) to have the opposite effect to the one intended, with bad or dangerous results产生事与愿违的不良（或危险）后果： t/n/ortimateiy the pian bacfc_/iired•不幸的是，计划产生了 ，得其反的结果。2 (of an engine or a vehicle爰动机僉 车辆）to make a sudden noise like an explosion 逆火； 回 A — compare misfire

backflip /'baekflip/ noun if sb does a backflip, they turn their body over backwards in the air and land on their feet again 后空翻

'back-formation nowA? [u, C] (//zigw/sf/cs 语言）a word formed by removing or changing the beginning or end of a word that already exists. For example, cheeseburger is a back-formation ^*om      M 构词（将已存

在的词通过去除或改变其前缀或后缀构成新词。如 cheeseburger 由 hamburger—词逆构而成} back-gam-mon /'baekgaeman; .baek'gaeman/ noun [U] a game for two people played on a board marked with long thin triangles. Players throw dice and move pieces around the board.十五子棋戏（棋盘上有楔形小区，两 人玩，掷骰子决定走棋步数）