states,
are true 证明；证明书：a
bfrtfi/marriage/tfeath certi_ficate 出生 / 结婚 /
死亡证明 2
an official document proving that you have completed a course of study or
passed an exam; a qualification obtained after a course of study or an exam文凭；结业证书；合格证书：a Postgraduate
Certificate in Education (= a British qualifi- cation for teachers)教育学研究生证书（英国教师资格 证书）
■
verb /sa'tifikeit; NAmE ser't-/ [VN, VN to inf] [Br£) to give sb an official
document proving that they have successfully completed a training course,
especially for a particular profession发给结业证书；（尤指）发给职
业培训证书
certificated /sa'tifikeitid;
NAmE sar't-/ adj. (8r£) having the
certificate which shows that the necessary training for a particular job has
been done 持有职业培
训证书的；有执业资格的
cer-ti-fi-ca-tion /,s3：tifi'keijn; NAmE ,s3：rt-/ noun [u] (fec/m/cfl/ 术语）1 the
act of certifying sth 证明；鉴
定：the medical certification of the cause of death ^
因出具医学鉴定 2
the process of giving certificates for a course of education 出具课程结业证书：the certi万cdtion o/the exam
moduZes出•试课程结i证书 .certified 'cheque (8r£) .certified 'check) noun a cheque that a bank
guarantees 保付支票；保兑支票
.certified
'mail noun [u] {NAmE) = recorded delivery .certified .public accountant noun (NAm^)
=CHARTERED ACCOUNTANT
certify /'S3：tifai; NAmE 'S3：rt-/ verb (cer-ti-fies,
cer-ti-fy- ing, cer tified, cer-ti fied) 1 ~ sb/sth (as) sth
to state officially, especially in writing, that sth is true (■尤指 书面）® 明，证实：[V (that)] ffe
ftamied her a piece qf paper certifying (that) she was in good health.
一份她的翻康证明名。◊ 77iis (= this
document) is to ce/ti办 that ...兹证向…◊
[VN-ADj] ffe was certi^iied dead on arriva〖•他送刼时★征实已死亡。◊:The accounts were cert^ed (as) correct by the/i/iance
department.账目连贝才
务部门无误。[also VN to inf] 2 [VN] [usually passive] 〜sb (as sth) to give sb an official
document proving that they are qualified to work in a particular profes- sion颁发（或授予）专业合格证书3 [usually passive] (8rf， law W) to officially state
that sb is mentally ill, so that they can be given medical treatment 证明（某入）患有 精#病：[VN] Patients must be
cert(A’ed be/ore fhQ/1 can be admitted to the hospital.精神病院只接纳经证明患有精神
病的人。[alsoVN-ADJ]
cer-ti.tude /'S3：titju:d; NAmE 'S3：rtitu:d/ noun [u, c] (formal) a feeling of being
certain; a thing about which you are certain 确信；确定；确或的事：You wfHZifce
cerul-ean /si'ruilian/ adj. {literary) deep blue in colour
深蓝色的；蔚蓝色的
ceru-men /si'ruiman/
noun [U] {technical 术语）a substance like wax which is produced in the ear ; 耳垢 PTiTl EARWAX
cervical
/’saivikl;
sa.vaikl; AMmf _s3:rvikl/ 〇办[only before noun] {anatomy |^) 1 connected with the
cervix 子宫颈的：cervicaZ cancer 宫颈癌 2
connected with the neck 颈的：the cerWcai spine 颈椎 .cervical 'smear noun (6r£) = smear test cervix /'S3：viks; NAmE 'S3：rv-/ noun (pi. cer-vi-ces /-visiiz/ or cer-vi-xes /-viksiz/) {anatomy M) the narrow passage at
the opening of a woman’s womb 子宫颈 ce-sar-ean, ce-sar-ian {NAmE) = Caesarean ces-ium {NAmE) = caesium
ces-sa-tion /se'seijn/
noun [U, C] {formal) the stopping of sth; a pause
in sth 停it;终止；中断；暂停：Mexico called for
an immediate cessation of hostilities.
求立> 即停止敌对行动。
ces-sion /'sejn/ noun [u, C] (formal) the act of giving up
land or rights, especially to another country after a war (尤@战争结束后领土或权利的）割让一see also cede cess-pit /'sespit/ (also cess-pool /'sespuil/) noun 1 a covered hole or
container in the ground for collecting waste from a building, especially from
the toilets (覆
| 311 chain
盖的）类池，污水坑，垃圾坑2 a place where dishonest or immoral
people gather 藏污纳垢的场所：a cesspit.〇/ corrupriori堕落化的渊薮
CET /,si: i: 'ti:/ abbr. Central European
Time cet-acean /si'teijn/ adj., noun {biology
■
adj. (also cet.aceous /si’teij'as/) connected with the
group of creatures that includes whales
and dolphins 鲸目动物的；鲸类的
• noun a whale, dolphin, or other sea creature that belongs to the
same group 館类一picture o page R28 cf. (in writing)
compare (书写形式）比较 CFC /,si: ef 'si:/ noun {C, U] a type of
gas used especially in aerosols (= types of
container that release liquid in the form of a spray). CFCs are harmful to the
layer of the gas ozone in the earth?s
atmosphere, (abbreviation for ‘chlorofluorocarbon’）氯氟代烃，含氯鈸烃（全写为 chlorofluorocarbon，允用于喷雾剂，有害于臭氧层）
CFL /,si: ef 'el/ abbr. Canadian Football League (the organization of professional
football teams in Canada) 加拿大:< 职业）橄榄球联合会；加拿大橄榄球联盟
CGI /,si: d3i: 'ai/ abbr. computer-generated
imagery 机生成影像：‘Dinosaur’ combines CGJ animation with
Zive-action 〖ocation shots.《恐龙》结合了电脑生成的动
画和外景地实地拍摄的画面。
chaat /tjait/ noun [U] a S Asian dish
consisting of fruit or vegetables with spices南亚香料水杲（或煮蔬菜丨
Chab-lis /'Jaebli:/ noun [u, C] a type of dry white French wine (法国）沙布利千白葡萄酒
cha-cha /'tjaitJa:/ noun {lnd£) 1 an uncle 舅舅；
伯父；’洁父；姨父 2a male cousin of your parents 表 (或堂）叔；表（或堂）伯；表“或堂）舅3amale friend of your family (家里的）男性朋友
cha-cha /'tja: tja:/ (also 'cha-cha-cha) noun a S American dance with small fast steps 怜恰舞（南美洲小
快步舞）：to dance/do the
cha-cha “恰恰_ chad /tjaed/ noun the small piece
that is removed when a hole is made in a piece of card, etc.(在卡片等上打孔 时打出的）孔屑
cha-dor /'tXa:do:(r)/ noun a large piece of
cloth that covers a woman’s liead and upper body so that only the face can be
seen, worn by some Muslim women (穆斯 林妇女用以遮盖头部和上身的）罩袍
chafe /tjeif/ verb 1 if skin chafes, or if sth chafes it, it becomes sore because the thing
is rubbing against it 擦痛；擦得红肿：[V】Her wrists cha/ed where the rope had been.她的手腕上绳子勒过的地方都磨红了。◊ [VN] 77ie coZZar was/ar too tight and cha/ed her Tiecfc.衣领特 别紧，把她脖手磨痛了。2 [V] ~ (at/under sth) to feel annoyed and impatient about sth,
especially because it limits what you can do (尤指因受限制而） 恼怒，烦恼，焦躁：He soon cfta/ed at tAe restrictions 〇/ situation.他很快便因为处处受到限制而感到恼火。
chaff /tjaif; AMmftJaef/ now/?，
■
noun [U] 1 the outer covering of the seeds
of grain such as wheat, which is
separated from the grain before it is eaten 谷壳；糠 2 straw (= dried stems
of wheat) and hay (= dried grass) cut up as food for
cows (作为牛饲 料的）麦秸，干草see WHEAT
■
verb [VN] [old-fashioned or formal) to make jokes about sb in a friendly way (友善地）开玩笑，取会，打趣H3U
TEASE
chaffinch /'tJaefmtX/ noun a small European bird of the finch family苍头燕雀（见于欧洲）
'chafing dish noun a metal pan used
for keeping food warm at the table 火锅
chag-rin /'Xaegnn; NAmE Ja'grm/ noun [U] (formal) a feeling of being
.disappointed or annoyed 失望；恼怒； 烦恼；懊恼►chagTinedflc/乂 chai /tjai/ [U] (//7d/£，/n/omifl/) tea 茶 chain /tjem/ noun, verb
■
noun
► METAL RINGS 金属链 1 [C，U] a series of connected metal rings, used for pulling or fastening
things; a length of chain used for a particular purpose 链子；—条；锁链： a short length 〇/chain —截短链条◊ She wore a heavy