states are true -uPJ; uE A :
a birth/marriage/death
certificate fB A / £nM / ^EtliiPil 2 an official document
proving that you have completed a course of study or passed an exam; a
qualification obtained after a course of study or an exam *§ik-uE ft; 'n^iSE'ft: a
Postgraduate Certificate in Education (= a British
qualification for teachers)
■QE^ft )
■ verb /sa’tifikeit; NAmE sor't-/ [VN, VN to inf] {BrE} to give sb an official document proving
that they have successfully completed a training course, especially for a
particular profession ) £*£91
Jki£Ul|-uE#
cer-tifi-cated /sa'tifikeitid; NAmE sar't-/ adj. [BrE) having the certificate which shows that
the necessary training for a particular job has been done
«4$W;
W&«&W
cer-ti fi ca tion /,s3:tifi'keijn; NAmE ,s3irt-/ noun [u] [technical A ) 1 the act of certifying sth ijE ^ /E: the medical
certification of the cause of death f] ft
2 the process of giving certificates for a course of
education tB;j|if ^Inikil^ft: the certification of
the exam modules ill Ji Atk AiiEA
.certified
'cheque [BrE)
[NAmE .certified ’check) noun a cheque that a bank guarantees .certified 'mail noun [u] [NAmE)
= recorded delivery .certified .public accountant noun [NAmE)
= CHARTERED ACCOUNTANT
certify /'S3:tifai; NAmE 'S3:rt-/ verb (certifies, cer-ti-fy- ing, cer ti fied,
certi fied) 1 ~ sb/sth (as) sth to state officially, especially
in writing, that sth is true ( ftfe ^ftffi ) ^E0|, : [V (that)] He handed her a piece
of
paper certifying (that) she
was in good health. {faMtn M — {ft M W It 0 iE BE] 7$ <>
0 This (= this
document) is
to certify that ... MvEfyl ••• 0 [VN-ADJ] He was certified dead
on arrival. fikHiiJN'M^E^B^Etro o The accounts were
certified (as) correct by the finance department. KkftMM [also VN to inf] 2 [VN] [usually passive] ~ sb (as sth) to give sb an official document
proving that they are qualified to work in a particular profession A ) Aik 1q'i&iiE:ft 3 [usually passive] [BrE,
law W) to officially state that sb is
mentally ill, so that they can be given medical treatment iiEHEJ ( ^ A ) fit# {A [VN] Patients must be
certified before they can be admitted to the hospital. #
iWAo
[also VN-ADJ]
certi tude /'S3:titju:d;
NAmE 'S3:rtitu:d/
noun [U, C] (formal) a feeling of
being certain; a thing about which you are certain $§{§; ^ W ♦: ‘You will like
cerulean /si'rurlian/
adj. (literary) deep blue in colour
«MW; HM£W
ceru-men /sTruimon/
noun [U] [technical A i«) a substance like
wax which
is produced in the ear ETSr;
HTFl EARWAX
cervical /'S3:vikl;
so'vaikl; NAmE 'S3:rvikl/ adj. [only before noun] [anatomy ft?) 1 connected with the cervix AW: cervical cancer 2 connected with the
neck g(W: the cervical spine .cervical 'smear noun [BrE) = smear test cervix /'S3:viks; NAmE 'S3:rv-/ noun [pi. cer-vices /-visiiz/ or cervixes /-viksiz/) [anatomy $?) the narrow passage at the opening of a
woman’s womb A ce sarean, cesarian (NAmE) = Caesarean cesium (NAmE) = caesium
ces-sa-tion /se'seijn/ noun [U, C] [formal) the stopping of sth; a pause in sth j^ih;
^-ik; d3®?; tff?:
ces sion /'sejn/
noun [U, C] [formal) the act of giving up land or rights,
especially to another country after a war ( )
Mik — see also cede
cess-pit /‘sespit/
(also cess-pool /'sespuil/) noun 1 a covered hole or container in the ground
for collecting waste from a building, especially from the toilets ( W
MW ) Hffe, tiiffliL 2 a place where dishonest
or immoral people gather
It ^ W W %% : a cesspit of
corruption
CET/ ,si: i: 'ti:/ abbr. Central European Time cet-acean /si'teijn/ adj., noun [biology A) madj. (also
cet-aceous
/si'teijas/)
connected with the group of creatures that includes whales and dolphins
itlW; tsiAW
it noun a whale, dolphin, or other sea creature
that belongs to the same group — picture c> page R28 cf.
abbr. (in writing) compare
( ) EES
CFC
/,si: ef 'si:/ noun [C, U] a type of gas used especially in aerosols (= types of container that
release liquid in the form of a spray). CFCs are harmful to the layer of the
gas ozone in the earth’s
atmosphere, (abbreviation for ‘chlorofluorocarbon’)
chlorofluorocarbon, AH ASAUfUg )
CFL
/,si: ef 'el/ abbr. Canadian Football League (the organization of
professional football teams in
CGI
/,si: d3i:
'ai/ abbr. computer-generated
imagery if % #1 {fe ft: ‘Dinosaur’ combines CGI
animation with
live-action location shots. «®A> ^'p7ife®4tW^I
chaat /tjart/
noun [U] a S Asian dish
consisting of fruit or vegetables with spices #7jcM ( )
Chab-lis
/'Jaebli:/ noun [U, C] a type of dry white French
wine (mm) f m
cha-cha /'tjaitja:/
noun [IndE) 1 an uncle ixTX; M M; fS A; A A; 1x2 a male cousin of your
parents A ( iK# ) M ) {0; I(lf)l3a
male
friend of your family (
ItffiW ) Ittlt cha-cha
/'tja:
tfa:/ (also cha-cha-cha) noun a S American dance
with small fast steps jftjftff (
) : to dance/do the cha-cha ©kfnfn M chad /tjasd/ noun the small piece that
is removed when a hole is made in a piece of card, etc. (
uffrtkw)
cha
dor /'tJa:do:(r)/
noun a large piece of
cloth that covers a woman’s head and upper body so that only the face can be
seen, worn by some Muslim women (
#0£liMMAMi±#W ) W-m chafe
/tjeif/
verb 1 if skin chafes, or if
sth chafes it, it becomes sore because the thing is rubbing against it W.M;
W, % £1 : [V] Her
wrists chafed where the rope
had been. iifeWAMAMAMWifeABlglTTo 0 [VN] The
collar was far too tight and chafed her neck.
3'J M, Ifi ftfe W A 0 M T o 2 [V] ~ (at/u
nder sth) (formal) to feel annoyed and impatient about sth,
especially because it limits what you can do ( Xfm $'J M )
f§i0, Mtfii, M$>k: He soon
chafed at the restrictions of his situation.
chaff /tfaif;
NAmE if toil
noun, verb m noun [U] 1 the outer
covering of the seeds of grain such as wheat,
which is separated from the grain before it is eaten frig; 2 straw (= dried stems of wheat) and
hay (= dried grass) cut up as
food for cows (
3N-
W ) MfA see wheat
m verb [VN] [old-fashioned or formal) to make jokes about
sb in a friendly way ( 71® H33
TEASE
chaf-finch /'tJaefmtJY
noun a small European bird
of the finch family Tfr )
'chafing dish noun a metal pan used for
keeping food warm at the table
chagrin /'Jaegrin; NAmE Ja'grm/ noun [U] [formal) a feeling of being
disappointed or annoyed AM; fek&; MfS; IHf® ► chagrined adj. chai /tjai/ noun [u] [IndE, informal) tea ^ chain o-» /tjem/ noun, verb m noun
►
METAL RINGS jkMM 1 [C, U] a series of
connected metal rings, used for pulling or fastening things; a length of chain
used for a particular purpose flXP; a short length of chain — 0 She wore a heavy