meeting, discussion, etc•担任（会议、讨论等的>)主 席；主持（会议、讨论等）：Who’s
chairing the meeting?
谁主持这次会议？
chair-lift
/'tjealift; NAmE 'tjer-/ noun a series of chairs hanging from a moving
cable, for carrying people up and down a mountain (统称 > 登 ill吊椅 chaif.mail /’tjeaman; ■食Jer-/ /70WA7 (p/. -men
/-man/)
1
the person in charge of a meeting, who tells people when they can speak,
etc•(会议的）主席，圭持人
2
the person in charge of a committee, a company, etc. (委员会的）委员长，主席；（公司等的）董事长：the
chairman of the board of governors (= of a school)
..会:主席◊ 77ie chairman 〇/ the company presented the
annuai report.公司董事长提交了年i报告。o note at GENDER
chair-man-ship /'tJeamanXip; NAmE 'tjer-/ noun 1 [C] the position of a chairman or
chairwoman 主.席职位： the chairmanship 〇/the
committee 委员会的主席职位 2 [U] the state of being a chairman or
chairwoman 主席的任 职：under her c/iairmanship在她这位主席的英明
领导下
chairperson /'tje0p3：sn; NAmE 'tjerpairsn/ noun {pi. -per.sons) a chairman or chairwoman 主席，会长，系主
任，董事长一see
also chair n_ (2) chairwoman /'tjeawuman; NAmE 'tjer-/ noun {pi -women /-wimin/)
a woman in
charge of a meeting, a committee or an organization (会议、委员会或机构的）女主席，女主持
人，女会长，女董事长o note at gender chaise /Jeiz/
noun a carriage
pulled by a horse or horses, used in the past (旧时的 5 马车 chaise longue / Jeiz 'log; NAmE 'loirj/ noun (pi. chaises longues /Jeiz 'Idq; NAmE (from French) 1 a long low seat with a back and one arm,
on which the person sitting can stretch out their legs 躺椅 2 .(AW/r?合（also informal chaise lounge) a long chair with a back that can
be vertical for sitting on or flat for lying on outdoors活动睡椅（可在户外竖起当座椅或平放当躺椅） _ picture o chair
chakra /tjAkra/ /iow/1 (in yoga
瑜伽）each of the main centres of
spiritual power in the human body 轮（人体
精神集中4之一)
cha-let /'Jaelei； NAmE Jae'lei/ noun 1 a wooden house with a roof that slopes
steeply down over the sides, usually built in mountain areas, especially in
chal-ice /'tjselis/ noun a large cup for holding wine, especially
one from which wine is drunk in the Christian Communion service大酒杯；（尤指塞督教的）圣爵
IMI
see poison v. chalk /tJo:k/ noun, verb
m noun 1 [U] a type of soft white stone S M ： the chalk d娇0/ southern Engianci英格兰南部的白垩质峭壁
2 [U, C] a substance similar to
chalk made into white or coloured sticks for writing or drawing (白色或彩色
的）■•粉笔：a pfece/sticfc 〇/chaffc
— 支粉笔drawing diagrams w/ith chaZfc on the blackboard 角粉笔在黑板
i: _’阄表◊ a box 〇/ coioured chafe —盒彩色私笔 ITiTOl .chalk and 'cheese
(8r£) if two people or things are like chalk and cheese or as different as chalk and cheese, they are completely different
from each other 截然不同；天渊之别一111〇比31；1^〇抓0办
■ verb [VN] ~ sth (up) (on sth) to write or draw sth with chalk 用粉笔写（或画）：She diaWced_(upj the day’s menu on t/ie board.她把当天的菜单用粉笔写在黑板上。
,chalk 'up sth {informal) to achieve or record a success, points in
a game, etc•获得取得（成功）‘；记 下，记i (成就、比赛得分等）：TTie team diaffced up tftei’r
tenth win this season.这'支队乎赛季.已贏了:.十场由
赛。.chalk.sth ‘up to sth (WAwf，to consider that sth is caused by sth 把某事启因于：We can chaifc that win up to a
Zot o/Zucfc•義们可以免那次胜利归因于
.好运十足。匪議see experience
n.
313 challenging
chalk-board /'tJo:kbo:d; NAmE -bo:rd/ noun
{especially NAmB) = BLACKBOARD
the chalk-face /'tjoikfeis/ noun
[sing.] (Br£) used to talk about the
activity of teaching in a school, especially as compared with theories of
education or with tasks such as preparing and marking work 课堂教学，.教学实践
与教学理论或备课和批改作业等相>对）：teachers at the
chaffc/ace上课的教师
chalky /'tS〇:ki/ adj. containing chalk or
like chalk ^ (或似）白垩的；含（或似 >
粉笔的 chaMenge /tJaBl0nd3/ noun, verb mnoun
1 a new or difficult task that tests sbJs ability and skill 挑战；艰巨■任务：cm ejccfting/fnterestin^ chaHenge令A激动的/ ‘A感兴趣的挑战◊ ITie ro〖e wiH 5e the biggest
chaHenge 0/ his acting caree广扮演这个角
色将是他演艺生涯中最大的挑战。◊ to/aceachaiienge (=to have to deal with one)面临挑战◊ Destruction 〇/ the
environment is one of the most serious challenges we /ace.环境的破坏是我们所面临的最严峻的挑战之一。
0 Schools must meet the
challenge of new technology (=deal with it successfully).学校必须迎接新技术的
挑战。2 an
invitation or a suggestion to sb that they should enter a competition，fight, etc.挑战书;.£:(.比‘ 等的）邀请，提议：
挑战◊ to mount a chaHen^e 发起挑战 3 ~ (to
sth) a
statement or an action that
shows that sb refuses to accept sth and questions whether it is right, legal,
etc. 质询；质疑；提出异议：It was a direct
c/iaHenge to the president’s authority.这是对主席权威的直接质疑。◊ Their legal challenge was unsuccessful 获成功。
• verb 1 [VN] to question whether a statement or an action is right, legal, etc.;
to refuse to accept sth 对…怀 疑（或质疑）;拒绝接受 PCT71 dispute： The
story was completely untrue and was successfully challenged in court.此—情纯属捏造，已祥法庭上k揭穿。◊ She does not Kfce anyone chaZZenging her authority.她不喜.欢■任何 人挑战她的权威。◊ This discovery chaHenges traditional
bdfe/s.这项发现是对传统信念的冲击。2 ~ sb (to sth) to invite sb to enter a competition, fight, etc.; to
suggest strongly that sb should do sth (especially when you think that they
might be unwilling to do it)向（某入'） 挑战；（尤指在对方不情愿0t)强烈建议（某人做某
事）：[VN] Mffce chaHenged me to a game 〇/ che队迈克 硬逼着要和我下一盘棋。◊ [VN to inf] rhe opposition leader challenged the
prime minister to call an election. 反对党领袖要求首相宣布进行大选。3 [VN] to test sb’s ability and skills, especially in an interesting way
考 查…命能力；考验…病技巧77ie job doesn’t reaZZy c/iaZ- her.这项土作不能真芷考验出她的能力。4 [VN] to order sb to stop and say who they are or what they are doing 盘问；查问：We were
challenged by police at the border.我们在边境受到警察盘问。
chal-lenged /'tjaelindsd/ adj. {especially
chaMen-ger /'tjaelind3a(r)/ noun a
person who competes with sb else in sport or in politics for an important
position that the other person already holds (&育运动或政治的）挑战者：oj5ftc如chaHenger/or the worW
championship.titZe世界冠秦头衔的正式挑战舍
chal-len-ging,tJaelmd3r〇/ 地.1 difficult
in an interesting way that tests your ability 挑战 性的； 考 验能力 的：challenging
work/questions/problems
❖ a challenging and
rewarding career as a teacher富有挑战性且有意义的教师职业〇 note at difficult , 2 done in a way that invites
people to disagree or argue with you, or shows that you disagree with them.挑起争.论的；.未赞同.的：She gave him a
challenging look. (Are you really sure?1
she demanded. M 用不赞同的眼光看了他一眼。“你敢肯定码？ ”她问道。