340 I

.chrome 'steel (also .chromium 'steel) noun [U] a hard steel containing chromium that is used for making tools   ,

.chrome yellow noun [U] a bright yellow pigment, used in art        )

chro mium /'krsumiam; NAmE 'krou-/ noun [U] (symb Cr) a chemical element. Chromium is a hard grey metal that shines brightly when polished and is often used to cover other metals in order to prevent them from rusting. chromium-plated, steel 4f£4#65®H .chromium 'steel noun [u] = chrome steel chromosome /'kraomasaum; NAmE 'kroumasoum/ noun (biology £) one of the very small structures like threads in the nuclei (= central parts) of animal and plant cells, that carry the genes VkfkW — see also

SEX CHROMOSOME, X CHROMOSOME, Y CHROMOSOME

►                  chromo-soma! /,krauma'saumal; NAmE .krouma- 'soumal/ adj.: chromosomal abnormalities

chron-ic /'krnmk; NAmE 'kra:n-/ adj. 1 (especially of a disease jtiafcffi) lasting for a long time; difficult to cure or get rid of-fcJfi'M; 1f'IT65;

65: chronic bronchitis/arthritis/asthma ft #4 A A If A / A'TA / ^ Q o the country’s chronic unemployment problem   0 a chronic shortage of

housing in rural areas $1 If ilf£65A$] fit 25/ rflU-3 acute 2 having had a disease for a long time 65: a chronic alcoholic/depressive 'ft M ft ^;

3 (BrE, informal) very bad $fig65;

65:     The film was just chronic. &£P«fej^fgf]|Li|i&To

►                  chron-ic-al-ly /'krnmkli; NAmE 'kra:n-/ adv.: a hos­

pital for the chronically ill ftli^lSI^

.chronic fa tigue syndrome noun [u] = ME chron-icle/'kromkl; NAmE'kra:n-/ noun, verb m noun a written record of events in the order in which they happened Hi^ A; M A:     the Anglo-Saxon Chron­

icle <#&# — iflAl&AiiAA) O Her latest novel is a chronicle of life in a Devon village. M 65 H ill r~? hP          41

HAiP -^/7*4J£65£«i&*o ■ verb [VN] (formal) to record events in the order in which they happened 4E---fcA£iAA;  iSfc:

Her achievements are chronicled in a new biography out this week. ftfe65^EBicA^jillllK65-^ir#iat0

►                  chron-ic-ler/’krumkla^); NAmE 'krain-/ noun chrono- /'krnnau; NAmE 'krainou/ combining form (in

nouns, adjectives and adverbs

connected with time 7/ 05 fad ^ A 65: chronological 4$ 04

mmmm

chrono graph /'krnnagrarf; NAmE 'kramagrsef/ noun 1 a device for recording time extremely accurately

i+WiX- 2 a STOPWATCH        g&A

chrono logical /.krnna'lndsikl; NAmE ,kra:na'la:d3-/ adj. 1 (of a number of events #^^#) arranged in the order in which they happened 4$ A A. 04 N J®17 14 M 65: The facts should be presented in chronological order.

2 ~ age (formal) the number of years a person has lived as opposed to their level of physical, mental or emotional development 4§r 04ibH+»65 ( A# ) ( mtXMW. #?M-£l4f4i#Affi65 AMM n ) — compare mental age ► chronologically /-kli/ adv.

chron-ology /kra'nDladsi; NAmE -'nail-/ noun (pi. -ies) [U, C] the order in which a series of events happened; a list of these events in order         ff A^65^f;^w^!j65Ml?;

A A: Historians seem to have confused the chronology of these events.          J£4E;&*>#A5fe65 AftJ®JT

Wl&T o 0 a chronology of Mozart’s life ]l[4t4#A7AA chron-om-eter /kr0'nDmit8(r); NAmE -’na:m-/ noun a very accurate clock, especially one used at sea 04 it ( AM-TMi )

chrys alis /'krisalis/ noun (also chrysalid) the form of an insect, especially a butterfly or moth, while it is changing into an adult inside a hard case, also called a chrysalis ( X65 ) Hi. Hi^i — picture o page R29 — compare pupa

chrysanthemum /kn'saenBamam; -'zaen-/ noun a large, brightly coloured garden flower that is shaped

like a ball and made up of many long narrow petals

WL

chub /tjAb/ noun (pi. chub) a freshwater fish with a thick body  SM

chubby /'tjAbi/ adj. slightly fat in a way that people usually find attractive A A A 65 ; [II It 65 ; A ft 65 : chubby cheeks/fingers/hands B4AA65I$:/A4r/A ► chub bi ness noun [U] chuck /tjAk/ verb, noun

m verb (informal) 1 (especially BrE) to throw sth carelessly or without much thought ( Riff*      life ) 47,

[VN, usually +adv./prep.] He chucked the paper in a drawer. ftfe4G8PM AAiffi 74ft® „ 0 [vnn] Chuck me the newspaper, would you? itiff4E 4R ^ 47 A 4£      ?

o note at throw [also V] 2 [VN] ~ sth (in/up) to give up or stop doing sth jfc A ; it ; :         You haven’t

chucked your job!  ! 0 I’m going to

chuck it all in (= give up my job) and go abroad. It-H So 3 [VN] (BrE) to leave your boyfriend or girl­friend and stop having a relationship with him or her Has he chucked her? fife

fEMM 7       ? 4 [VN] (informal) to throw sth away 474#;

A A; MA: That’s no good—just chuck it.

A , 47 4# M ® o IT5T771 chuck sb under the chin (old-fashioned, BrE) to touch sb gently under the chin in a friendly way $£43c4£ A657 B it’s 'chucking it down (BrE, informal) it’s raining heavily ff  AM

iililhiJi .chuck sth—a'way | .chuck sth—out to throw sth away 474#; A#; M A:          Those old clothes

can be chucked out. IB TcMA fe4474#To .chuck sb off (sth) | chuck sb out (of sth) to force sb to leave a place or a job 4^1 A; MUl: They got chucked off the bus. fifed 4$ ST 7  0 You can’t just chuck him out.

m noun 1 [C] a part of a tool such as a drill that can be adjusted to hold sth tightly ( HI A A ^1165 )

Pfk, A A —picture O tool 2 [sing.] (NEngE, informal) a friendly way of addressing sb (BAA la] A A 65 47 Uf )       ^:       What’s up with you, chuck? jfofe A 7 >

^        65 ?    3 (also .chuck 'steak) [U] meat from the

shoulder of a cow AlrilfM

.chucker 'out noun (BrE, informal) a person employed to make people leave a social event if they have not been invited or if they cause trouble (      # A

AAAM^M*^65 )&JL,

chuckle / tjAkl/ verb ~ (at/about sth) to laugh quietly [V] She chuckled at the memory. W. ^ M ft Hf k A % 9 [also V speech] ► chuckle

noun: She gave a chuckle of delight, ftlfe A % P % 7 tbA=

chuffed /tjAft/ adj. [not before noun] ~ (about sth) (BrE, informal) very pleased 4g]f A; MMX; chuff ing /’tjAfir)/ adj. (BrE, slang) a mild swear word that some people use when they are annoyed, to avoid saying ‘fucking’ #7 A65,          65 ( M174H7

fucking ) :    The whole chuffing world’s gone mad. ft ttf

^65A»^65iC7o chug /tJAg/ verb, noun

m verb (-gg-) 1 [V, usually +adv./prep.] to move making the sound of an engine running slowly ( A 111 if. 'ft Is ^ 04 ) AdtlAAA: The boat chugged down the river. /Ml'q AA^fetfrfXMTo 2 [VN] (NAmE, slang) to drink all of sth quickly without stopping —        — l-l HWX

m noun the sound made by a chugging engine ( A ijj 4/1

65 ) AAA

chukka /‘tjAka/ noun one of the periods of 7V2 minutes into which a game of polo is divided ( S,^tb#65 >

m ( 7  )

chum /tjxml noun (old-fashioned, informal) a friend HI] A; A A; fAf#; an old school chum chummy /'tjAmi/ adj. (old-fashioned, informal) very friendly j4#A4765; I5#r65 ► chum-mily adv. chum- mi-ness noun [U]

chump /tjAmp/ noun (old-fashioned, informal) a stupid person {IgHT,          Don’t be such a chump! £i]j&

7ft!

chun-der /’tjAnda^)/ verb [V] (BrE, informal) to vomit HERfc; BKdl ►chun-der noun [U]