chunk /tjAQk/ noun 1 a thick solid piece that has
been cut or broken off sth ; J? >}*; A $: a chunk of
cheese/masonry — 2 (informal) a
fairly large amount of
sth Hi Mi A (ft H:: I’ve already
written a fair
chunk of the article.
;it 0 3 (linguistics if If) a phrase or
group of words
which can be learnt as
a unit by sb who is learning a language. Examples of chunks are ‘Can I have the
bill, please?’ and ‘Pleased to meet you’. i2rif iSMA
irm see blow v.
chunking /'tjArjkirj/ noun [u] (linguistics
if'gf) the use of chunks(3) in language fr'nJ; chunky /'tjAijki/ adj.
(chunkier, chunkiest) 1 thick and heavy jfitKft; £n;A(ft: a chunky gold bracelet
0 {BrE) a chunky sweater ^^(ft^A^&A
2
having a short strong body i£;A(ft;
ig§ft-(ft: a squat
chunky man J§ A 3 (of food #R°P)
containing
thick pieces ( ) J9Jf(ft, A^AIft: chunky marma
lade
chun ter /'tjAnta(r)/ verb [V] ~ (on) (about sth) (BrE, informal)
to talk or complain about sth in a way that other people think is boring or
annoying
ETT71 WITTER
church /tj3itj; /VAmFtj3:rtJ/ noun 1 [C] a building
where Christians go to worship ( IS# ffc£ft ) Wta church tower o The
procession moved
into the church.
0 church services 2 [U] a
service or services
in a church : How often do you go to
church ? Ift £
A i ffc — #1}l
# ? 0 {BrE) They’re at
church (= attending a
church service).
O {NAmE) They’re in
church. iifeCJit 0 O Church is at
3
Church [C] a particular
group of Christians ffc
: the Anglican Church SA-A O the Catholic
Church
A ± Ht £ 0 the Free Churches ft & tie — see
also denomination 4 (the)
Church [sing.] the ministers of the Christian religion; the institution of the
Christian religion 3S H it flip; g$ ff & #1 : The Church
has a
duty to condemn
violence. i£ # #5( ^ ^ 4i A 0
0 the conflict between Church and State £ ■%
(ft A o to go into the Church (= to become a Christian minister)
JEKAStflSft&flip fl*T7n see broad adj. church-goer /'tj3:tjgaua(r); NAmE 'tjairtjgouer/ noun a person
who goes to church services regularly Alfc #JA ►
church-going noun [U]
church-man /'tjaitjman; NAmE ,tj3:rtj’-/, church- woman /'tjaitjwuman;
NAmE 'tj3:rtJV noun {pi. -men /-man/,
-women /-wimin/) =
clergyman, clergy- woman
the Church of England noun (abbr. CE,
C. of E.)
[sing.] the
official Church in
the .Church of '
chosen by the members of
a church to take care of church property and money ( If )
churchy
/'tjaitji; NAmE ‘tj3:r-/ adj. (church-ier, churchi- est) (disapproving)
(of a person A) religious in a way that involves going to church, praying, etc. a lot, but often not
accepting other people’s views
church-yard /'tj3:tjja:d; NAmE 'tj3:rtjja:rd/ noun
an area of land around a church, often used for burying people in — compare
cemetery, graveyard(I)
churi-dar /'tJ‘orida:(r)/ noun tight trousers worn with a
KAMEEZ Or KURTA ( EjfeA ft tt ± A U W )
»■***
churl /tj3:l; NAmE tj3:rl/ noun (old-fashioned)
a rude unpleasant person ffi# A; ISffWA churl ish /'tj3:lij; NAmE
't^irlij/ adj. {formal) rude or bad-tempered It would
be churlish to
refuse such a generous offer. Jh£6
► churl-ish-iy adv. churl ish ness
noun [U]
churn /tj3in; NAmEtj3:m/ verb, noun
a verb 1 ~
(sth) (up) if water, mud, etc. chums, or if sth churns it (up), it moves or is
moved around violently jgtf M $ ; (
W. ) [V] The water churned
beneath the
huge ship. 7jt & §? “F ffi Jgfl $1 SB 'M 0
0 [VN] Vast crowds had churned the field into a sea of mud. A #t;Aftfc£ft — 2 if your stomach
chums or if sth chums
your stomach, you feel a strong, unpleasant feeling of worry, disgust or fear
ix.
n, %p {up, ttit, ) •- m
My stomach churned as the names were read out.
45#.— [alsovn] 3 ~ (sb) (UP)
to feel or to make sb feel upset or emotionally confused ( ft ) Jfi'ii ^
5fe'. P M M SL: M Conflicting
emotions
churned inside
him. fftlt
[also VN] 4 [VN] to turn and
stir milk in a special container in order to make butter JfMf ( ?l LU rh[J
) m:i;M
.churn sth^-’out {informal, often disapproving)
to produce sth quickly and in large amounts
(-Mltt&
a noun 1 a
machine in which milk or cream is shaken to make butter ( 2 {BrE) a large metal
container in which milk was
carried from a farm in the past ( IBftf )MifiA^> M
chute ISu:t/ noun 1 a tube or passage
down which people or things can slide ( A^#J rN®
£f?tT W ) #4 If, il: a water chute (= at a swimming pool) ff 7.K If
0 a laundry./rubbish/garbage chute (= from the upper floors of a
high building) ; SSI it ( MM
) 2 {informal) = parachute
.Chutes
and ‘Ladders™ noun [U] {US) a
children’s game played on a special board with pictures of chutes and ladders
on it. Players move their pieces up the ladders to go forward and down the
chutes to go back.
— see also snakes
AND LADDERS
chutney
/’tjAtni/ noun [U] a cold thick sauce made from fruit, sugar,
spices, and vinegar, eaten with
cold meat, cheese, etc.
chutzpah
/'xutspa; 'hu-/ noun [U] (often approving) behaviour, or a
person’s attitude, that is rude or shocking but so confident that people may
feel forced to admire it PT171 nerve
Ci abbr. curie(s) J£S ( )
CIA
/,si: ai 'ei/ abbr. Central
Intelligence Agency. The CIA is a department of the
m)
cia-batta /tfa'baeta; -ba:ta/ noun [U, C] (from Italian)
a type of Italian bread made in a long flat shape; a
mmwmfa);
ciao /tjau/ exclamation (from Italian, informal)
goodbye
ci cada /si'ka:da; NAmE si'keida/ noun a large
insect with transparent wings, common in hot countries. The male makes a
continuous high sound after dark by making two membranes (= pieces of thin skin) on its body vibrate (= move very fast). 4$;
CID
/,si: ai ’di:/ abbr. Criminal
Investigation Department. The CID is the department of the British police force
that is responsible for solving crimes. ( )
ffij#
-cide
combining form (in nouns t^J 45 iB)
1 the act of killing
7&X£; §5 A: suicide
ft & o genocide # A 2 a person or thing that kills ^A^J: insecticide
►-cidal (in
adjectives homicidal
W^AMfft&O
cider /'saida(r)/ noun 1 {BrE) {NAmE 'hard cider) [U, C]
an alcoholic drink made from the juice of apples :
dry/sweet cider A / o cider apples HI is A M
(ft A A O a cider press {=
for squeezing the juice from apples) A If V+ ££ 2 {NAmE) [U, C] a drink
made from