necessary,
instead of speaking or writing in a clear, direct .way 迂_回曲折的.说_法| '► circum*lo‘cu«tory /,S3：kam'lDkjut0ri; ,S3:k9mla_kju:tari; NAmE ,S3：rk9m- 'la:kjato:ri/ adj.
cir-cum-navi-gate
/.ssikam'naevigeit; NAmE ,s3：rk-/ verb [VN]
(formaf) to sail all the way around sth, especially all the way
around the world ( it
指）环绕地球航行>〔卜.《：11111.113丫卜宕3^〇11/|83:1^111,1180乂1-
'geijn; NAmE ,S3：rk-/ noun [U]
cir-cum-scribe /'s3：kamskraib; NAmE 's3：rk-/ verb [VN]
1 [often
passive] (formal) to limit
sb/sth^ freedom, rights, power, etc.限制「约束（自由、权利、权力等）B3G3 restrict ： The power of the monarchy was circum- scribed
by the new kzw•君主统治的权力受到了新法律
的制约。2 (tor/m/cfl/ 术语）to draw
a circle around another shape 画…的'外接圆► cir.cum.scrip.tion /.S3:kam’skripjn;
MAmf ,S3：rk-/
m?w/r[u]
cir*cum*spect
/'S3：kamspekt;
NAmE 'S3：rk-/ adj.
(formaf) thinking very carefully about sth before doing it,
because there may be risks involved 小心谨慎的；考虑
周密的；慎重 _的 cautious ► cir-cum-spec-tion
/,S3：kam,spekJ'n; NAmE ,s3：rk-/ noun [U]
cir-cum-spect-ly
adv.
cir.CUm.Stance /’S3:k9mstens;
-stains; -staens;
NAmE 's3：rkamstaens/ noun
1 [C, usually pi.] the
conditions and facts that are connected with and affect a situation, an event
or an action 条件；环境；状况：The
company reserves the right to cancel this agreement in certain circumstances. 本公司保留在一定条件下取消这项协议的权利。◊ changing sodaf
a/id jpoZiricaZ circumstances 正在变化的社 会和政治坏境◊
7 (now J can trust her in any cfrcum- stance. _却道我在任何情况下都能信任她。OPdi_ce
said there were no suspicious circumstances surrounding the boy’s
death.警方说关'于男孩死$—事没有发现可疑的 情况。0 The ship. sank in myste'rious circumstances.
神秘地沉没T。◊ She
never discovered the true circumstances 0/her birth.她从未弄清她身世的真相。
〇 note at situation 2 circumstances
[p|.] the conditions of a person's life,
especially the money they have 境况；境遇；（尤指）经济状况：Grants are awarded
according to your月nancfal cfrcuinstances.补助金根据 经挤状况发给。◊ /amily/domestic/personal circumstances 家庭 / 个人运济状'况 3 [U] situations
and
events that
affect and influence your life and that are not in your control 命运；客成环境：a victim 〇/ circumstance (= a person who
has suffered because of a situation that they cannot control)客观环境的牺牲品
〇 He had
to leave the country through force of circumstance (=events made it necessary).为势所迫，他不得
不离开这个国家。in/under the circumstances used
before or after a statement to show that you have thought about the conditions
that affect a situation before making a decision or a statement 在这种情况
*;下；既然如此：Under the circumstances, i_t seemed
better not to td丨 him about the accident•在这#情况下，：不告诉 他有关这次事故的情况似乎更好。◊
She did the扣b ver/ weH in the
circumstances.她在那种情况下仍把工作干_ 很出色。丨n/under no
circumstances used to emphasize that sth should never happen or be
allowed 决不； .无论如何不：Under no
circumstances should you lend
cir-cum-stan-tial /.ssikam'staenjl; NAmE ,s3：rk-/ adj.
1
(law 律）containing
information and details that strongly suggest that sth is true but do not prove
it 按情况推测的；视情况而定的；间接的：circumstantial evidence 情况证据◊
The case against him was Zargdy circumstantial.对他不利的案情大多为间接推测的。
2
(formaf) connected
with particular circumstances ^ 特金条件（或环境、情况）清关的：r/ieirprob〖ems
were circumstantial rather than persona!.他们的困■难是环境
而非个人所致。
cir-cum-vent /,s3：k0m'vent;
NAmE ,s3：rk-/ verb [VN]
(/omifl/) 1 to finci a way of avoiding a difficulty or a rule .设法回避；规避：/ound a
way 0/
circumventing the
Zavv.他们找到了规避法律的途径。2 to go
or travel around sth that is blocking your way 绕过；绕行:’绕道 旅行►
circunrvveivtion /Is3:kam.venj'n; AM/r?E
,s3:rk-/ noun [U]
circus
/'s3：kas; NAmE
's3：rkas/ noun
1 [G] a group of entertainers, sometimes with trained animals, who perform
skilful or amusing acts in a show that travels around to different places 马戏团 2 the circus [sing.]
a show performed by circus entertainers, usually in a large tent called a big top马戏表演（常在大帐篷里进
‘行）：We took
the chi Wren to the circus.我们带孩子去 i了马戏表演。3 [sing.] (/n/ormfl/，冰sflpprov/ng) a
group of people or an event that attracts a lot of attention 人注善的人（或事）；热闹场面：A media
circus surrounded the royal couple wherever they went.
室夫妇走到何处，他们的身后都会跟着一大群媒体ici者。
◊ the American dectorai
circus 美国大选的热闹场面 4 [C]
(6r£) (used in some place names) a round open area in a town where several
streets meet (.用于某些地名 > 圆形 广场，环形交叉路口::
Piccad取y C^cus皮卡迪科 5 [C] (in
ancient
cirque
/s3：k; NAmE S3：rk/ noun = corrie
cirrhosis /se'rausis;
NAmE -'rou-/ noun a serious disease of the liver, caused especially by
drinking too much alcohol肝硬化；肝硬变
cirro-cumu-lus
/.sirau'kjurmjales; NAmE ,sirou-/ noun {technical 7^-^) a broken
layer of small clouds cirro-stra-tus /.sirau'straitas; -'streitas; NAmE
'sirou-/ noun {technical t§)
a thin layer of fairly flat clouds very high up in die sky 卷层云 cirrus /'siras/
noun [U] [technical 7ft i^) a type of light cloud that forms higti in the sky 卷云 CIS /^i: ai
'esf abbr. Commonwealth of Independent States (a group of independent
countries that were part of the Soviet Union until 1991)独立国家联合体，独联
体（由1991年之前的苏联主权国家组成） cissy
(er£) = sissy
cis-tern /'sistan; NAmE -tarn/ noun {Br£) a
container in which water iis stored in a building, especially one in the roof
or connected to a toilet (尤指鱼顶上知）蓄水
.箱，贮水箱；抽水马桶的）水箱
cita-del /'sitadal;
-
cit-ation /sai'teijn/ noun 1 [C] words or lines
taken from a book or a speech 引语；引文；..引述 H771 quotation 2 [C] an
official statement about sth special that sb has done, especially about acts of
courage in a war 表彰；
表扬；（尤指对战争中英勇表现的）嘉奖令：a
citation /or bravery 因勇敢而受到的嘉奖 3 [U] an
act of
citing or Geing cited (被）.引角，引证：Space does not permit the citation of the examples, ^ W K
,示例
从略。4 [C] (A//Aw£) = summons(I): The judge issued a contempt
citation against the woman for violating a previous court order.法官对上一次拒不金守庭谕的那名
_妇女发出了藐视法庭的传讯。
cite /sait/ verb [VN] (formal) 1 ~ sth (as sth) to
mention sth as a reason or an example, or in order to support what you are
saying提及（原因）；举出（示例）； 列举：He
cited his heavy workload as the reason for his breafcctomi.他说繁重的工作负荷是导致他累垮的原因。
3
note at mention 2 to speak or write the exact words
from a book，, an
author, etc.引用；引述；援引 B3Z1 quote 3 (law W) to order sb to appear in court; to
name sb officially .in a legal case 传喊；传讯：She was
cfted i'n the divorce proceedings.她g 讼中被传唤。
4 〜sb (for sth) to mention sb
officially or publidy because tihey deserve special praise 嘉奖；表彰；表扬：
v^〇5
cited/or brave/y.他因袅现勇敢而龠至ij嘉羹。 citi-fied /'sitrfaid/ adj.
(usually disapproving) character- istic of a city有城市特征的；城市气的.：his cit诉ecf ^^roimdings他那充满市井气息的环境
Clti-zen 0■» /'sitizn/ noun
a person who has
the legal right to belong to a