346
and returned to
civilian life. $$tM±
&fel$4E.?£o —
compare military ci-vility /sa'vilati/
noun (formal) 1 [U] polite behaviour % & WIL W ff A/
; *L $2; : Stajff members are
trained to
treat customers with civility at all times.
jfcM&giim,
2
civilities [pi.] remarks that
are said only in order to be polite
civ il iza tion (BrE also -isation) /.srvalai'zeijn;
NAmE -la'z-/ noun 1 [U] a state of human society that is very
developed and organized A Bfj : the
technology of
modern
civilization M ft; A $1 & A o The Victorians regarded the
railways as bringing progress and civilization.
2
[U, C] a society, its culture and its way
of life during a
particular period of time or
in a particular part of the world ( )
4t£Af$: the civilizations
of ancient
diseases that
are common in Western civilization M A" A
3
[U] all the people in the world and the
societies they live in, considered as a whole A Bf] tftJFi1; Environmental damage threatens the
whole of
civilization.
4
[U] (often humorous) a place that
offers you the comfortable way of life of a modem society AA ABAfH) MfS: It’s
good to be back in civilization after two weeks in a tent! &
ymm\
civ il ize (BrE also -ise)
/‘sivalaiz/ verb [vn]
to educate and improve a person or a society; to make sb’s behaviour or
manners better tfcffc; JBt;
The girls in a class tend to have a civilizing
influence on the boys.
civil ized (BrE also -ised) /'sivalaizd/
adj. 1 well-
organized socially with a very developed culture and way of life JF ft : the civilized world A tS
^ o rising crime in our so-called civilized
societies W Ho f]#fiS A A B A O civilized peoples
Aflf $1 K tik 2 having laws and
customs that are fair and morally acceptable A il ii £$: No
civilized
country should allow such terrible injustices.
3
having or showing polite and reasonable
behaviour
WALIftftJ; We couldn’t even
have a civilized
conversation any more. Hod A|h]tS-M3£
4
typical of a
comfortable and pleasant way of life ( £ tS ) ti M , Hr it &I : Breakfast
on the terrace—how civilized! f£ PH o' ±
!r, WJ^tSlcAlfc! EQ3 uncivilized .civil 'law noun [u] law that deals
with the rights of private citizens rather than with crime K.A .civil 'liberty noun [C, usually pi., U] the
right of people to be free to say or do what they want while respecting others
and staying within the law g & the 'Civil List noun [sing.] a sum of
money that is given to the British royal family each year by Parliament
^
.civil
'marriage noun a marriage with no religious ceremony )
.civil
'partnership noun a relationship between two people of the same sex,
recognized as having the same legal status as a marriage between a man and a
woman
)
.civil
'rights noun [pi.] the rights that every person in a society has,
for example to be treated equally, to be able to vote, work, etc. whatever
their sex, race or religion K $.: the
civil rights leader Martin Luther
King&umftmr
the .civil 'rights movement noun [sing.] (in the
the campaign in the
1950s and 196os to change the laws so that African Americans have the same
rights as others ( mm ) ( 20 50 AWfP 60 Aft A
)
.civil
'servant noun a person who works in the civil service (Mitt ) ASRAM
the
.civil 'service noun [sing.] the government departments in a
country, except the armed forces, and the people who work for them ( Aft Witt )
AIRnPH, ff
ttfl; ( mm ) WJA^,
.civil 'war noun 1 [C, U]
a war between groups of people in the same country Al : the Spanish Civil War M
A lA 0 30 years of bitter civil war * 30
Af^Mftt Al 2 the Civil War the war fought in
the US between the northern and the southern states in the years 1861 to 1865
JtSim HSI«f ( 1861-1865 ) civ-vies /'siviz/ noun [pi.] (slang) (used by people in the armed forces) ordinary clothes, not
military uniform
( WAftto ) M
ift )TO£tA
CJD / .si: d3ei 'di:/ abbr. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease also NEW
VARIANT CJD
d abbr. (pi cl or els) centilitre: 75cl * 75
ffiA clack /klaek/ verb [V] if
two hard objects clack, they make a short loud sound when they hit each other
lfi$f£uiRj; Her heels clacked
on the marble floor.
A^fttninlAo ► clack noun
[sing.]: the clack of high heels on the floor jUfflMi# (ttAAA 0 the click-
clack of her
knitting needles Mltt^
0 warmly/scantily clad /
BM
o leather-clad
motorcyclists ftt0J{;A¥- 2
-clad
(in compounds WM) covered in
a particular thing -SiW: snow-clad hills S it W Mittill® clad ding /'klaedir)/
noun [u] a covering of a hard material, used as protection ttH; f£MM
—picture o PAGE R24
claim 0“w /kleim/
verb, noun u verb
5
SAY STH IS TRUE A A W Aft 1 to
say that sth is true although it has not been proved and other people may not
believe it m. ^ m; Iff
W: [V (that)] He claims (that) he was not given a fair hearing, ftk
AA/MtfcAfff1] A IE&5 $0 [V to inf] I don’t claim to be an
expert. He/f M. S m % o 0 [VN] Scientists are claiming a
major breakthrough in the fight against cancer. f4 A M
❖ [vn that] it was
claimed that some
doctors were working 80 hours a week. £ 80 /h0jo [also V speech, VN
to inf]
6
DEMAND LEGAL RIGHT A A A AfXf'J 2 [VN]
to demand or
ask for sth because
you believe it is your legal right to own or to have it ( MW ) ; A lot of
lost property is never
claimed. iA^o 0
He claimed political asylum.
7
MONEY £ 1A 3 to ask for money
from the government
or a company because
you have a right to it % ;
% : [VN] He’s not entitled to claim
unemployment
benefit, fife 7E ^ A ^ ® A ik # SF M 0
o She claimed damages from the company for the injury she had suffered,
iS'^^1]^i» 0 You could have claimed the cost of the
hotel room from your insurance. 0
[V] You can claim on your insurance for that coat
you left on the train, fa nj 1$ fa W ^ A %
M B & A A ± h
AAo
8
ATTENTION/THOUGHT fi; M
: ® % 4 [VN] to get or take sb’s attention ( fi# ) : A
most unwelcome event claimed his attention. —
9
GAIN/WIN if|; E jlj 5 [VN] to gain, win
or achieve sth
&W; She has
finally claimed a place on
the team. mA^TSPAPAWPAMo
10
CAUSE DEATH 6 [VN]
(of a disaster, an accident,
etc. A)fi, ♦^t#) to cause sb’s death WA, WA ( A 4p ) : The
car crash claimed three lives. gCHAJEto
iJhikTi
.claim sth-^'back to ask or demand to have sth