grown/developed j§} ik it X jX    / # It Ml / X A (g o The

product is not yet commercially available.  }£'&

W-hTfco 0 His invention was not commercially successful.

■ noun an advertisement on the radio or on television ( X el $Efelftlit ^ o note at ad commercialism /ka'maijalizam; NAmE -'mairj’l-/ noun [U] (disapproving) the fact of being more interested in making money than in the value or quality of things

MmMk

com mer cial ize (BrE also -ise) /ka'maijalaiz; NAmE -'m3:rjl-/ verb [VN] [often passive] to use sth to try to make a profit, especially in a way that other people do not approve of ( AltXlfXIxM ) AJftX-Xf'J; it: Their music has become very commercialized in recent years. MlWW&ifiJLXXfifjSNkffcTo ► com mercial- ization, -isation /ka,m3:J‘alai,zeiJ'n; NAmE -.mairjla'z-/ noun [U]

commercial 'traveller noun (old-fashioned, BrE)

- SALES REPRESENTATIVE

com mie /'knmi; NAmE 'ka:mi/ noun (especially NAmE) an insulting way of referring to sb that you think has ideas similar to those of communists or socialists, or who is a member of a communist or socialist party

(

com-mis /'kmni; NAmE ‘ka:mi/ {pi. com-mis /'krani; NAmE 'ka:mi/) (also commis 'chef) noun a junior cook who works in a kitchen #J ffl ||rp ; Sfj — compare

CHEF, SOUS-CHEF

com miserate /ka'mizareit/ verb ~ (with sb) (on/ about/for/over sth) to show sb sympathy when they are upset or disappointed about sth [wjlf; [V] She

commiserated with the losers on their defeat.

—[alsoV speech] com-mis-er-ation /ka.miza'reijn/ noun [U, C] (formal) an expression of sympathy for sb who has had sth unpleasant happen to them, especially not winning a competition (        ) I® If:

I offered him my commiseration. fife || tk |w] 'If 0 o Commiserations to the losing team!    P& MJ PA fE X «P 1t

T! ^ .

com mis sar /,kDmi'sa:(r); NAmE ,ka:m-/ noun an officer of the Communist Party, especially in the past in the Soviet Union (    ) mmW,

com mis sar iat /.knmTseariat; NAmE ,ka:mi'ser-/ noun 1 a department of the army that is responsible for food supplies % fr #1: 2 a government department in the Soviet Union before 1946 ( 1946 Xlttj^KMJ ) XSf

ASP

com missary /'knmisari; NAmE 'kaimiseri/ noun (pi -ies) (NAmE) 1 a shop/store that sells food, etc. in a military base, a prison, etc. (

2a restaurant for people working in a large organization, especially a film studio ( A-M

com mis sion On /ka'mijn/ noun, verb m noun

►                OFFICIAL GROUP XXIXX 1 (often Commission) [C] an official group of people who have been given responsi­bility to control sth, or to find out about sth, usually for the government (

£: the European Commission ifNH MO (BrE) The government has set up a commission of inquiry into the disturbances at the prison.

o a commission on human rights A

M z*

►                MONEY A 2 [U, C] an amount of money that is paid to sb for selling goods and which increases with the amount of goods that are sold &; [h] to: You get a 10% commission on everything you sell. ft. RTAM/T'IStb W & ft jSf n°p X & % 10% Ml, . o He earned £2 000 in commission last month. MX A if #-7 2 000 X 4# &•]

0 In this job you work on commission (- are paid according to the amount you sell).AAM&ffrXX$£^1S MfikfULa 3 [U] an amount of money that is charged by a bank, etc. for providing a particular service (    #

1% commission is charged for cashing trav­eller’s cheques. 1 % I

393

►                FOR ART/MUSIC, ETC. £A, t'A V 4 [C] a formal request

to sb to design or make a piece of work such as a building or a painting (     Hi®#

m )

►                IN ARMED FORCES 7i7A 5 [C] an officer’s position in the armed forces XlIXBlr

►                OF CRIME XB ii 6 [U] (formal) the act of doing sth wrong or illegal MX ( £11? ) ; XBX ( Hfr ) : the commission of a crime XBP

IT»T71 in/out of com'mission available/not available to be used nf / X RTMffl: Several of the airline’s planes are temporarily out of commission and undergoing safety checks.

■ verb

►                PIECE OF ART/MUSIC, ETC. t) A . h A # ft p°p 1 to offi­cially ask sb to write, make or create sth or to do a task

foryouJEs^tt (     Mft, %& ) : [VN to

inf] She has been commissioned to write a new national anthem. M # S’# W if S ft W ^ 16 0 0 [VN] Publishers have commissioned a French translation of the book.

►                IN ARMED FORCES % (A 2 [usually passive] ~ sb (as) sth to

choose sb as an officer in one of the armed forces iXdp •••          : [VN] She was commissioned in 1992. MX

1992 X M ff ^ A % W o O [VN-N] He has just been commissioned (as a) pilot officer. M M M \i'm? A X -X X Wo

com mission aire /ka.mija’nea^); NAmE -'ner/ noun (BrE, becoming old-fashioned) a person in uniform whose job is to stand at the entrance to a hotel, etc. and open the door for visitors, find them taxis, etc. (      J

pA3t3*mx  -) 5f&iMM*nA, ns

— see also doorman

com, missioned officer noun an officer in the armed forces who has a higher rank, such as a captain or a GENERAL ( #fl X     :) —compare non­

commissioned OFFICER

com-mis-sion-er /ka'mijana(r)/ noun 1 (usually Com­missioner) a member of a commission (= an official group of people who are responsible for controlling sth or finding out about sth) ( iSM, '# MM: the Church Commissioners (= the group of people responsible for controlling the financial affairs of the Church of England)  o

European Commissioners  2 (also police

commissioner especially in NAmE) the head of a particular police force in some countries W % M -fc ; WX 3 the head of a government department in some countries ( iEfc/froftnMJ ) 'i'-fe,     the agriculture/

health, etc. commissioner Aik, IXfJjA-O Commis­sioner Rhodes was unavailable for comment.

Hgif i&0 — see also High Commissioner 4 (in the US) an official chosen by a sports association to control it (    ) &XX, ±t A: the baseball

commissioner

com missioner for oaths noun (BrE) a lawyer who has official authority to be present when sb makes a formal promise that a written statement that they will use as evidence in court is true 'X Iff'if ( I# IiJ IEXX'rp

the Com,mission on Civil Rights noun [sing] (in

the US) a government organization that works for equal rights for all Americans    HHitffffJlfX A

com mit 0-m /ka'mit/ verb (-«-)

►                 CRIMEXB ffs 1 [VN] ~ a crime, etc. to do sth wrong or illegal MX (     JSWW );«!'(    ) : to

commit murder/adultery, etc. XEl^lA^,

Most crimes are committed by yoimg men.

X $£ A XB T W o <> appalling crimes committed against innocent children ft fcillMMT W-iSAiff

►                SUICIDE Ii2 [VN] - suicide to kill yourself deliberately

gX

►                PROMISE/SAY DEFINITELY  3 ~ sb/yourself

(to sth/to doing sth) [often passive] to promise sincerely that you will definitely do sth, keep to an agreement or