way sth is formed or organized f&j        ia H1?l

structure : the genetic constitution of cells (ft 3£ 4 [U] (formal) the act of forming sth HTl establishment, setting up : He recommended the constitution of a review committee, #, $t IX iS: fL ^ S ft .M 0

con sti tu tion al /,kDnsti'tju:Janl; NAmE .kainsta'tu:-/ adj., noun

m adj. 1 [only before noun] connected with the constitution of a country or an organization % ?£ Eft ;   fM [ft :

constitutional govemment/reform % Wi   ; % &

(ft ?jt 0 a constitutional amendment % 'ik \& }E M 2 allowed or limited by the constitution of a country or an organization % & ?£ ft          ^        i$| |'J (ft; $ IS PI

fjjiJ (ft: They can’t pass tfiis law. It’s not constitutional. fife 0 constitutional

rights %   M ^ (ft IX  0 a constitutional monarchy

(= a country with a king or queen, whose power is controlled by a set of laws and basic principles)

% HI Pirn unconstitutional 3 [usually before noun] related to the body’s ability to stay healthy, be strong and fight illness t M it          It #); : consti­

tutional remedies ffc It J®> ft ► con-sti-tu-tion-al-ly /-Janali/ adv.: constitutionally guaranteed rights 3£f£p|t(ftb/fij o He was much weakened constitutionally by the disease.

m noun (old-fashioned or humorous) a short walk that people take because it is good for their health

Cons titutional ‘Court noun [sing.] in South Africa, the highest court dealing with cases related to the constitution feK )

constitutionalism /.kDnsti'tjuiJanalizam; NAmE .kainsta'tu:-/ noun [U] a belief in constitutional govern­ment

constitutionality /.knnsti.tjuija'naelati; NAmE .kainsta.tu:-/ noun [U] (technical 7: iff) the fact that sth is acceptable according to a constitution        :

They questioned the constitutionality of the law. ftfe f|] it

con sti tu tive /.kDnsti'tjuitiv; NAmE .kainsta'tuitiv/ adj.

(formal) ~ (of sth) forming a part, often an essential part, of sth          ^Jt#J;        Memory is

constitutive of identity.

con-strain /kan'strein/ verb {formal) 1 [VN to inf] [usually passive] to force sb to do sth or behave in a particular way® it; ® rfjij; lift; The evidence was so compelling that he felt constrained to accept it. iEII JeIIP#

$tm, life %m X2 [VN] [often passive] ~ sb (from doing sth) to restrict or limit sb/sth PUrfrj; PIae;

Research has been constrained by a lack of funds, m £ I ft 0 IS % 7 £ M $ PI ft] 0 0 She felt constrained from continuing by the threat of losing her job. pb:;f-§fi]

tk&xmj», m&mmmmmi;*

con-strained /kan'streind/ adj. {formal) not natural; forced or too controlled X & B (ft; ® it (ft; it M (ft: constrained emotions

con straint /kan'streint/ noun 1 [C] ~ (on sth) a thing that limits or restricts sth, or your freedom to do sth PlrfrJ; PUS;      HE] restriction : constraints of

time/money/space 1h] / $|H]EftP|[frJ 0 financial/ economicAegal/political constraints M5& / Wfor /          /

0 This decision will impose serious constraints on all schools.

il. o note at limit 2 [U] strict control over the way that you behave or are allowed to behave /“If: At last we could relax and talk without constraint. fff

con-strict /kan'strikt/ verb 1 to become tighter or narrower; to make sth tighter or narrower ( fH ) 'if iffi, : [V] Her throat constricted and she swallowed hard. M R& i® k M, ft 5/j fM 7 -* T R# W. „ 0 [VN] a drug that constricts the blood vessels. i&tijfillf (ftlfj 2 [VN] to limit or restrict what sb is able to do PH ® ; PI S ; W $!];    ^: Film-makers of the time were constricted by

the censors.      „ o

constricting rules and regulations Mc fi    f1!®

► con-strict-ed adj.: Her throat felt dry and constricted.

‘MMo o a constricted vision of the world 3\ M PI W M ttt ^ -iA iR con-stric-tion /kan'strikjn/ noun [U, O f a feeling of constriction in the chest JJS)fP(ft J®it^ 0 political constrictions Wi fn con-struct o-w verb, noun

■ verb /kan'strAkt/ [VN] 1 [often passive] ~ sth (from/out of/of sth) to build or make sth such as a road, building or machine M %; [i it; iiin : When was the bridge constructed?     ? O They constructed a

shelter out of fallen branches.

^ note at build 2 to form sth by putting different things together £1      ; fr] fi HT1 put

together : You must learn how to construct a logical argument, ft' ^ X # fil X'&X jI H S. 0 0 to

construct a theory frj ^ # II ifc o a well-constructed novel f^J& J5]d>fft/M& 3 {geometry /lf5J) to draw a line or shape according to the rules of mathematics (

SMM'J )     : to construct a triangle LHj tH

m

m noun /'kDnstrAkt; NAmE ‘ka:n-/ {formal) 1 an idea or a belief that is based on various pieces of evidence which are not always true ( ft & X k. M: M ^ W # # -fiE         tU

W      a contrast between lived reality

and the construct held in the mind

(ft M'MWi 2 {linguistics i§W) a group of words that form a phrase ( M(ft ) ^ ht ft ,

3 a thing that is built or made        $};

 

crane ©Stfl

bulldozer Jlxtll

dumper truck (BrE) dump truck (NAmE)

cement mixer/ concrete mixer

■Miff#*/!

excavator fSMtl

con struction On /kan'strAkfn/ noun

►                OF ROADS/BUILDINGS : &0W9 1 [U] the process or

method of building or making sth, especially roads, buildings, bridges, etc.    $&:!': the construc­tion industry          0 road construction 318$ W X o

Work has begun on the construction of the new airport.

(ft #it ?fcni o o Our new offices are still under construction {= being built). ^fH (ft$rP}

f# li H1 o 0 the construction of a new database iff ffc 2 [U] the way that sth has been built or made ^3a ( Bjcf&Jia l^fft Jf : strong in construction 0 ships of steel construction          o note at

STRUCTURE

►                BUILDING/STRUCTURE ^ xH: ’MX) 3 [C] {formal) a thing

that has been built or made ^31^1;       J5ltM\