Cos-mog-ony /kDz'mDgani; NAmE ka:z'ma:g-/ noun [U] the part of science that deals with how
the universe and the solar system began 天体演化学 cos-mog-raphy /kDz'mDgrafi; NAmEka:z'ma:g-/ noun [U]
the part of science that deals
with the general features of the earth and the universe宇宙结构学；宇宙地理学
cos-mol-ogy
/kDz'mDlad3i;
NAmE
ka:z'ma:\-/ noun [U} the scientific study of the universe and
its origin and development 宇宙学► cosmo.logic.al /,kt>zma’li)d3ikl; NAmE ,ka:zm0'la:d3-/ adj. cos-molo-gist /kDz'mDl0d3ist; NAmE ka:z'ma:l-/ noun
cosmo-naut /'kozmanoit; NAmE 'ka:z-/ noun an astro-
naut from
the former
员，航矢员，< 太箜人
cosmo-pol-itan /.kDzma'pDlitan; NAmE ,ka:zma'pa:l-/ adj., noun
madj. {approving) 1 containing people of
different types or from different countries, and influenced by their culture世界性的；全球各国的；有各国人的；受各国文
化影响的：a cosmopolitan
city/resort国际性的都市/ 度假'胜地◊ T7ie_ dub has a
cosmopoZitan atmosphere. 这个俱乐部具有世界文化的气氛。2 having or showing a wide experience of people and
things from many different countries接M过许多爾家的人（或事物）的；
见过世面的:；见识广的：people m'th a truly cosmopoZ- “an outZoofc貪正具世界眼光的人◊ cosmopolitan
young people见多识广如年轻人
■
noun a person who has
experience of many different parts of the world 周游世界尚人：S/ie’s a rea〖. c'osmopoZ- itcm•她是个真正的四海为家的人。
cos-mos
/'kozmos;
NAmE 'kaizmous;
-mas/ the
cosmos noun [sing.] the universe,
especially when it is thought of as an ordered system (’ i;指被视为有序体系时的）宇
宙：the structure 〇/ t/ie
cosmos 宇宙的结构◊ our piace in the
cosmos我们在宇宙中:的位置
cos-set
/'kDsrt;
NAmE 'ka:s-/
verb [VN] (often disapproving)
to treat sb with a lot of care and give them a lot of attention，sometimes
too much 条爱；溺爱；娇惯 BPITI
PAMPER
COSt
〇^r /kDSt; NAmEkoistl noun, verb a noun 1 [C, U] the amount of
money that you need in order to buy, make or. do sth 费用；.花费；价钱：the high/low cost 〇/ housing 住宅的高昂 / 低_费用◊ A new computer system has been
installed at a cost of £80 000. 新的计算机系统已安装，费用为及万英镑。◊r/iep〖an had. to be
abandoned on grounds of cost.
此项计划被迫放弃。◊ We did not even make enough money to cover the
cost 〇/ the/ood.我们挣的钱甚至先法
糊口。◊ Consumers vWH
have to bear the /uH cost 〇/ these
pay increases.消费者将不得不承担增加工资所需的
全部*角〆 〇 totd cost to you (=.the
amount you
have to pay) is £3 000.你总兵要支付3 000英逢。 o note at price 2 costs [pi ] the total amount of
money that needs to be spent by a business 成本：The use of cheap Zabour heZjpeci to
fceep costs down•棱用廉价劳动力
有助于降低成苯。◊ to cut/reduce costs降也成未◊ running/operating/labour
costs 〇 We have had to raise our
prices because of rising costs. 因为成本日举±涨，我们不得不提高价格。3 [U，sing.] the effort, loss or damage that is involved in order to do
or achieve sth (为做某事涉及的）努力，代价，掸失：the
terrible
cost of the war in death and suffering 戒的死亡与苦难的惨重代价◊ the
environmentaZ cost 〇/ nudear power 核讀方对环_ 的破环 o
'saved him the but at t/ie cost 〇/her own h/e (’= she
died).她从 火中把他救了出来，却牺牲了自己的生命。◊ He worked non-stop for three months, at considerable
cost to his hedth.他连续不断地工作了三个月，极大地损害了自g的 身体健康。◊ J /e〖t
a need to peopZe/ whatever t/ie
cost m time and energy•我感到一定要食人们满意，耗费
多少时间和精力都在所不惜。4
costs
(/VAmf
also
'court
costs) [pi.] the sum of money that sb is
ordered to pay for lawyers, etc: in a legal .case 诉讼费用：ffe was ordered to pay £2 000 costs.他被责令缴__ 2 000 英镑诉 讼费。IT^l at all cost/cdsts whatever is needed to
achieve sth 不惜任何代价：You must stop the press from finding out at aH costs•知必须不惜一切托价阻ah媒体查 明真相。at 'any cost under any circtimstances
在任.何
情况下；无论如何：He is. determined to win at any cost. 他诀心i论如何要争取胜利D at 'cost for only the amount of
money that is needed to make or get sth, without any profit being added on.按成本；按成本价
格：goods soW .at cost按成本价销售的商品know/learn/ find sth
to your 'cost to know sth because of sth unpleasant that has happened to you 付出过代价.（或吃
了苦头）.才知道：a ruthless busimssman, _as I know to my cost.我吃了苦头后才知道他是个无情的商人。
■— more at count
v.
SYNONYMS同义词辨析
costs
spending ♦ expenditure ♦ expenses ♦
outlay ♦ outgoings
These
are all words for money spent by a government, an organization or a person.以..i各词均指政麻机构. 或个人的开支、支出、花费。
coststhe total amount of money
that needs to be spent by a business labour/production costs
A工/生产成本◊ ns//7g costt正在上戒的成本
spending the amount of money that
sperit, especially, by a government or art organization 尤指 政府或机构的开支、支出、花销：pwb//cspenc//ng 公典开支◊ More spending on health was
.promised.
已承诺增加医疗开支。
Expenditure
(rather
format) an amount of money spent
by a government, an organization or a person
指政府、机构或个人的开支、支出、花费：expem/- /•ft/re on «/wa?t/on 教育费用
expenses
money
that has to be spent by a person or an organization; money that you spend while
yow are working which your employer will pay back to you later指个人或机构必需的开支、花费或报销的费用： legal expenses 律师费 〇 travel expenses 差旅费■ outlay
the
money that you have to spend in order to start a new business or project, or in
order to save yourself money or time later指必要■的开支、费用
The best
equipment is costly but is well worth the owf/ay.最好的设备花费大，但这种开支很值得。
outgoings (Sr£) the regular costs that a person or
business, has，such as rent and-el_ectricity 指个人或企 业的经常性费用或开支，如房租、电费等
PATTERNS
AND COLLOCATIONS
■
spending/expenditure/outlay on sth
■
high/low/totaJ/overall costs/spending/expenditure/
expenses/outlay/outgoings
■
capital
costs/spending/expenditure/expenses/outlay
■
government/public/education/health costs/ spending/expenditure
■
household costs/spending/expenditure/expenses/
outgoings
■
to
increase/reduce.costs/spending/expenditure/.-: expense 导/the outlay/outgoings
■ verb (cost, cost) i;iaia In sense 4 costed is used for the past
tense and past participle.作第4义时过丢式和过去
分饲用 costed。 1 if sth
costs a particular amount of
money, you need to pay that amount in order to
buy, make or do it 需付费；价钱为：[VN] Jfow much'did it cost?这东西要多少_? o
I
didrCt get it because it cost too much•因另那东0矢昂贵多没买。◊ Tidcets cost ten
doHars each.每张票供为 +元_.。◊ CaZk to the heZpiine cost 38p per
minute.打热錶服#电话每分钟为38便士。
〇 Don}t
use too much of it—it cost a lot of money. 西很贵，不要用得太秦。◊ AH these re/orms wiH cost mon^y be expensive).所有这些改革都要花很多钱。◊ Good food need not cost a fortune (= cost a lot of money〉.好食物不一定要花很多的钱。◊ [VNN] ITie meaZ cost us about £40.这顿饭花了我们约40英镑^ ◊ TTiis is