costing the taxpayer £20 biHion a year. _这一年要花费纳 税人 1.00
亿英镑。◊ [VN to 'inf]
77ie hospftai wiH cost an estimated £2_ miHion to bu山i. i參建这座医院估计要耗费 200 万英镑D ◊ It costs
a/ortune to/!y_/irst dass. ‘坐飞 机头要花一大笔钱。2 to cause the loss of
sth使丧 '失；.使损失：[VNN] That one mistake
almost cost him his 啡._一个差错几乎使他丧命。◊ A iate penalty
cost United
the game (= meant that they did not win the game).临近终场的点球得分使得联队没有贏得那场比赛。
0 [VN] The closure of the factory is likely to
cost
jl 000 扣bs•那家工厂一关闭，很可能1000个工作岗位就没有
了。 3 [VNN] to involve you. in making 專iv effort or doing sth unpleasant使付出努力；無做不愉快的事：
TTie
acddent cost me a visit to the doctor.那事故害得
我去看了一趟医生。◊ financial worries
cost her many sZeepiess nights.她为钱发愁，许多夜晚无法入睡。
4 (costed, costed) [VN] [usually passive] -
sth (out) to estimate hofw much money will be needed for sth or
the price that should be charged for sth 估算成本;’估价： rhe project needs to be
costed m detafi•这项工程需要作 详细的成本估算.。◊ ITzeir accountants have costed the project at紹.2 miHion.他们的会计师估算此项工程成本为
810 77 7t:〇 〇 Have
you costed out these proposals yet? ^ 估算过这些提寒所涉及的费用吗？ 一see also costing ITM1 cost sb 'dear to make sb.suffer a lot 使饱尝苦
头；使付.出沉重的代价：That one mistake has cost
him dear
over the years.那一个差错使他多年来付出了沉重的
代价。it wili ’cost you (/>j/o/7r/fl/) used
to say that sth will be. expensive 贵得很；要花彳食多钱：There is a de Zuxe modeZ avai’iabZe,
but costyou. ★豪华型的，.但贵 得很。一more at arm n.
SYNONYMS同义词辨析
cost
be ♦ sell ♦
retail ♦ set sb back sth
These
are all words that can be used when sth costs a particular amount of money and
you need to pay that amount.in order to buy, make or do .it.以上各词均涉 及成本、售价、需付费用。
cost if
sth costs a particular amount of money, you need to pay that amount in order to
buy, make or do it指价钱为、需付费：Wow mwch«//«/ /f cost?这东西 要多少钱？ ◊
A" re/orms vw’// cosf mo/iey (= be expensive).所有这些改i都要花钱。◊ T/j/5
/s cosf/ng the taxpayer £10
bi’llion a year.痒每:年要花费纳殊人 100亿英镑。
be
to
cost 指花费、值：‘How
much is that dress?’'
‘咏吻如//a«/ “那条连衣裙多少钱? ”“八十元。” sell to be sold at a
particular price 指售价是、_以…价 格销售：The
painting sold for £10 000 at
auction. ^
幅画拍卖了,1万英镑。
retail (business) to be sold in a
shop/store at a particular price指零售价是、以.•价格销售： fcoo/r reto/7s时£74.95.备本七零售价为14.95英镑_。_
SELL OR RETAIL?用 sell 还是
retail
?
Sell is
a more general word than retail which is used mostly in
Business English, and only for goods that are sold to the public through
shops/stores. * sell 较 retail 通用，retail主要用于商务英语，而且限于指零售。
set sb back sth (/n/ormo/) to cost sb a
particular amount of money 袷使某人花费、破费：7T7e re/w/rs sef h/m bfldr over £2肌修理费杰掉他200多英
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS
■
How much does this cost/is
this?
■
That costs/will set you back a lot of money.
鼸 The product
sells/retails for/at £9.95.
•cost
accounting now/7 [U] (fcws/Vjess 商）the process of recording
and analysing the costs involved in running a business成本会计
cos*tal /'kDstl; NAmE 'kaistl/ adj. {anatomy If) connected with the ribs肋骨的；肋部的
'co-star noun, verb
m noun one of two or more
famous actors who appear together in a film/movie or play (电影或戏剧中品 r联
袂主演明星
■
verb (-rr-) 1 [V] ~ (with sb) to appear as one of the main actors with
sb in a play or ftliii/movie .，（在电影或戏剧
中与其他明星联合主清：a new movie in which Johnny
Depp
co-stars with Winona Ryder 由约翰尼•德普^与薇诺 娜•赖德联袂主演的一部新电影2 [VN] (of a film/movie
or play 电影或戏剧）to have two or more famous actors acting in it (由日i星演员）联袂主演，合演：a new movie
co-starring Johnny and Winona Ryder 由约 翰尼•德普诺娜•赖德联袂主演的一部新电影
■cost-benefit /7〇w/7 [U]、(eco/7〇m/ci 经）the relationship between the cost of doing sth and the
value of the benefit that results from it 成本琢益：cost-benefit analysis成本效益分析
'cost-cutting noun [\J] the reduction of the
amount of money spent on sth, especially because of financial difficulty (尤指因财命困难的）成本削减：Deh’verieso/ maiZ couZd
be (tdayed because 0/cost-cutting..由于削减成 本，邮件的递可■能会延迟。◊ a cost-cutting
exercise/ measure/programme成本削减的实施/措施/计划 ,cost-effective adj. giving the best possible
profit or benefits in comparison with the money that is spent 有最佳利润的；有成本效益的；划算的►.cost-effective-
ness noun [Uj
cos.ter.mon.ger
/'kDstamAr)ga(r); NAmE 'kaistarm-/ noun {Br£) (in
the past) a person who sold fruit and vegetables in the,street (旧时的）水果蔬菜小贩
costing /'kDstiq; NAmE'koist-l noun an
estimate of how much money wiil be needed for 'sth 成本计算：Here is a detailed costing 0/our proposaZs.这是義fj 紅方案的详细
成本计算。◊ y〇u’d better,do some costings.你最好作一 些威本估算。
cost-ly /'kDstli;
NAmE 'kD：st-/ adj. (cost-iier, cost-li-est) Mild爾;I You can also use more costly and most costly. 亦可用 more
costly 和 most costly。 1 costing a lot of
money, especially more .than
you want to pay 花钱多 的；澡贵价铉髙的 H33
expensive: Buying new _/iirniture may prove
too cosHy:购买新家具可能会花钱太
多。〇;;note at expensive
2 causing problems or the
loss of sth引起苗难的;造成损失的dm EXPENSIVE: a costly mistafce//af〖ure造成重大损失的错误/失败 0 Mining can be costly in
terms of lives (= too many people can die).采矿有时会造成重大的生命损失。
► cost-1 i-ness noun [U]
the .cost of 'living noun [sing.] the amount of money that
people need to pay for food, ctothing and somewhere to live.:生活 费用： a
steady rise in the cost of Zivi/尽生活费用的持续 i 升1' ◊ the /1&/1 cost 〇/ HWng i'n Icmdo/i f敦昂贵的生活费用
.cost 'price noun [U] the cost of producing sth or the price
at which it is sold without profit 成本价：Copies o/the CD ccm be purchtLsed at cojStprice.政灰：▲可按命本
奋购果a —compare selling
price cos-tume /'kDstjuim; NAmE 'kaisturm/ noun 1 [C, U] the clothes worn by
people from a particular place or during a particular historical period (某地或棄历史时
期的）威装，装束一see also NATIONAL COSTUME 2 [C,
U] the
clothes worn by actors in a play or film/ movie, or worn by sb to make them
look like sth else (戏剧或电影的）戏装，服装：rhe actors were s紐 in costume and mafce-up.这些演炱仍是戏装打扮。◊ She has/our costume changes during the pZay•她在这出
戏里要無四次服装。◊ He went to the
party in a giant c/iicfcen costume他是打扮成一只大鸡i参加聚会的。
◊ ,a costume designer 戏.装设计师 3 [C] (8rf, />7/ormfl/)
=SWIMMING
COSTUME
cos-tumed /'kDstju:md; NAmE 'kaistuand/ adj. [usually before noun] wearing a costume 着戏装的
'costume
drama noun [C}
U] a play or film/movie set in the past.古装戏；古装电影
'costume jewellery noun [U] large heavy
jewellery that can look expensive but is made with cheap materials (廉价 >
又造珠宝饰物