cram-mer /'kraema(r)/
noun [Br^j a school or book that prepares people
quickly for exams (应付考试的）强化
训练补习学校；；（为应付考试而编写的）强化训练用书
cramp /kraemp/ noun, verb
unoun 1 [U, C] {NAmE also 'charley horse [C]) a sudden pain that you
get when the muscles in a particular part of your body contract, usually caused
by cold or too much exercise 痛性疼挛；抽®: (6r£) to get cramp in
your Zeg 腿部抽筋◊ to get a cramp in your Zeg
腿部抽筋一see also writer’s cramp 2
cramps [pi.] severe
pain in the stomach (腹部）绞痛 mverb [VN] to prevent the
development or progress of sb/sth阻碍，阻止（发展或进步）HE1 restrict:
Tighter
trade restrictions might cramp economic growth. 较严格的贸易限制会妨碍经济的增长。IMI cramp sb’s 'style {informal) to stop sb from behaving in the way
theywantto束缚…的手脚；使不能放开手脚（或施展 才能）
cramped
/kraempt/
adj. 1 a cramped room, etc. does
not have enough space for the people in it 政窄的；
'狭 小的：working fn cramped
condirtons在拥挤的环境里 .工作
2 (of
people 人):not having room to move freely 拥瘀的；缺少fc由活动空间的3 (of sb’s writing字迹） with small letters close
together and therefore difficult to read密小难认的；密密麻麻的
cram-pon /'kraempDn; NAmE -pain/ noun [usually pi.] a metal plate with pointed
pieces of metal underneath, worn on sb’s shoes when they are walking or
climbing on ice and snow带钉铁鞋底（l,用以在冰雪上行走或
攀登丨：
cran-berry /'kraenbari;
NAmE -beri/ noun {pi -ies) a small sour red berry that grows on a small bush and is used in cooking越橘，小红莓（用于烹饪）：cranber/y sauce越橘调味汁 crane /krein/ noun, verb
mnoun 1 a tall machine with a long arm, used to
lift and move building materials and other heavy objects 起重机；吊车一picture o construction
2 a large bird with long legs and a long neck _ see also blue
CRANE 鹤
■
verfc [V, usually +adv./prep.] to lean or stretch over
sth in order to see sth better; to stretch your neck (为看得更 清楚而）探着身子；伸长（脖子）：[V] People were craning out 〇/ the windows and waving.人们把 I*?探出窗 外挥手致意。◊ [VN] She craned her necfc to get a better view 〇/the stage.她伸长了脖子，好把舞台看清楚些。
'crane
fly (also informal .daddy-'long-legs) noun a flying insect with very long iegs 大蚊（腿长） cra-nium /'kreiniam/ noun (pi. cra.ni.ums or cra.nia /■kreinia/) (fl/iotomy 解）the bone structure that
forms the head and surrounds and protects the brain 颇骨； 头盖骨 skull —picture 〇 body ► cra-nial
/'kreinial/
adj. [only before noun]： cranial nerves/injuries 颅神经/外伤
crank /kraerjk/
noun, verb
mnoun 1 (disapproving) a person with ideas that other people find
strange (想法）古怪的人
H7?!
eccentric ：Vegetarians are no longer
dismissed as cranks. 素食者不再被视为有怪癖的人。2 a person who
easily gets angry or annoyed脾气沐的人；容易恼怒的人
3 a bar and handle in the shape of an L that you pull or
turn to produce movement in a machine, etc. ( L.字 形）曲柄，曲轴一picture o bicycle
■
verb [VN]〜sth (up) to make sth turn
or move by using a crank用曲柄转动（或启动to crank an engine用曲 柄发动引擎◊ (/i(gwraf/Vej He
has a 〖imited time to cranfc the reforms into action•他启动各项改革的时间很有限。
1'311；1?1 ,crank sth-^'out {informal) to produce a lot of sth quickly，especially things of low
quality 大量地快速
制造；（尤指）粗制滥造3331'1；1^〇111'.〇^11|<5仆*-
'up [informal) 1 to make a machine, etc. work or work at a higher level使机器运转；使…备高效率2 to make music, etc. louder (把音乐等的音量）开大，调高033
turn up： Cranfc up the vo〖ume/ 把音量放大些！
crank-shaft /'kraeqkjaift;
NAmE -Jaeft/ noun {technical 术语）a long straight piece of
metal in a vehicle that
connects the engine to the wheels and helps turn
the engine’s power into movement 曲轴；曲柄轴
cranky
/’krae^ki/
fle/y. (/n/o/TTifl/) 1 (Brf) strange 古怪
的；_■—异的 _ pn71 eccentric
： cranky ideas/schemes 离奇古怪的想法
/ 计划 2 (espec/fl//y AMrnE)
bad-tempered 脾气环的：The kids were、getting tired and a ’little cranfcy.孩子们越来越累，脾气也有些变坏了。
cranny /'kraeni/
noun {pi. -ies) a very small hole or opening, especially
in a wall (，尤指墙上的）小孔，缝
读，裂缝 IT»TO1 see nook crap /kraep/ noun, adj., verb
■
nowii (fflboo, s/tmg) 1 丨U] nonsense 废话；胡说；胡扯：
He’s
so 〇/ emp•他净胡说八道。◊ iet’s cut the crap
and get down to business.卩|们别说废话了，开始干正秦
吧。◊. (8r£) you’re
taZtoig a 〖oad 〇/crap/ 你这是一派胡
言！ ◊ (A/Amf) WTiat
a bunch o/emp/ 真是废话连篇！
2 [U] something of bad quality质量差的东西；蹩脚货：
TTiis
worfc is complete crap.这#作品瞥脚透顶。◊(阶£) Her is a〖oad o/emp.她鲁近的一部电影很糟
糕。◊ Zatest moWe is a bunch o/crap•她最
运的一部电影很糟糕。More acceptable words are
rubbish，garbage，trash or junk.更常用的词有
rubbish、garbage、trash 或 junk 〇 3 [U] criticism or unfair treatment鈿评；非难；不公正的痦遇：I’m not going to tafce this crap any more.我再也不受这种委 屈了。
4 [U] .solid waste matter from the bowels 屎 H771 excrement 5 [sing.] an act of emptying solid
waste matter from the bowels 拉屎：.to have a crap 拉屎
■
(阶£，s/a/ig) bad; of very bad
quality 环的；糟
糕的；劣质的：a crap band很差劲的乐〖人◊ 77ie concert was crap.那场音乐会演得很差。► crap Mv.:
The
team pZayed
crap yesterday.这个队昨天的表规很姜劲。
■
verb (-pp-) [V] {taboo, slang) to empty solid waste from
the bowels |立學 cnTl defecate A more polite
way of expressing this is 4to go
to the toilet/lavatory, (阶台，‘to go. to the bathroom’ or ‘to go’. A more
ibrmal expression is ‘to empty the bowels’.比较礼貌:的 表达方式to go to the
toilet/lavatory (荖国英语）、to go to the bathroom (北美英语）或to go。比较正致的表达方
式为 to empty the bowels。
crappy /'kraspi/ adj. (crap-pier, crap-pi-est) [usually before noun] (s/a/?g) of very bad quality 去质的；蹩脚的：a crappy nove〖粗制滥造的小也
craps /kraeps/ noun [U] {
crap-shoot /'kraepjuit/ noun {
►
VEHICLE ACCIDENT 交通事故 1 also wreck) an
accident
in which a vehicle hits sth, for example another vehicle, usually causing
damage and often injuring or killing the passengers 撞车；碰撞；相撞：A girl was killed
yesterday in a crash involving a stolen car. 昨天有一女孩在一桩涉及窃车的撞车事故中丧生。◊ a
car/pkme cras/i汽_撞车事故；飞机失事
►
LOUD NOISE ^ B!h1 2 [usually sing.] a sudden loud
noise
made, for example, by sth falling
or
breaking
(倒下、 破碎等突然的）碰撞声，破裂声，碎裂声：TTietree/eH with
a
great
crash.那棵树哗啦一，倒
了。◊
The first distant crash
〇/thunder
shoofc
the
air.远处的第一声霹雳
震撼着天空。
►
IN FINANCE/BUSINESS 金融；商业 3
a
sudden serious fall in the price or value of sth; the occasion when a business,
etc. fails暴跌；倒闭；破产；失败HE] collapse： the 2987 stoefc market crash * 1987 年的股
票市场暴跌
►
COMPUTING i十算几技术 4 a sudden failure of a
machine or system, especially of a computer or computer system
(机器或系统，尤指计算机或计算机系统的）崩溃
■
verb
OF VEHICLE 交通工具 1
~ (sth) (into sth) if a vehicle crashes or the driver crashes it, it hits an object or