having to defend
yourself处于防御姿态；处于戒备状
态；采取守势：rhefr
questions about the mon^y put her onthede/ensive.他们问到钱的问题时，她就警觉起来。◊
Warnings of an enemy attack forced the troops onto the de/ensiVe.敌军显示出进攻的迹象，部队不得不进入戒备
状态。
defensive 'medicine noun [u] {especially NAmE) medical treatment
that involves more tests, operations, etc. than a person really needs because a
doctor is worried that a claim or complaint may be made against them in court
if they make a mistake in the treatment they give防御性医疗，自卫性医疗（医生担心因误诊被投
诉而让病人做过多的化验、手术等） defer
/di'f3：(r)/ verb
(-rr-) to delay sth until a later time 推迟；延缓；展期
ECCIputoff: [VN] The department )e/erred the
decision/or six months.这个部门推迟
了六个 月才作決定。◊
She ?iad a」pp!fed/or
cie/erred admission to coHege.她已申请延期入李。[also V -ing] ► defer
ment, de-fer-ral /di'f3：ral/ noun\[J, C] defer to sb/sth
{formal) to agree to
accept what sb has decided or what they think about sb/sth because you respect
him or her 遵众；听从；顺从：We wiH
de/er to. whatever the committee
decides.我们遵从委员会作出的任何决定。
deference /'defarens/
noun [u] behaviour that shows that you respect sb/sth 尊重；遵从；听从：The
women wore veils in deference to the customs of the country. S 些妇女戴着面纱是遵从这个国家的习俗。◊ The/logs were Zowered out
o/de/erence to the bereaved降旗是
出于对死者家属的尊重。► defereivtial
/,defa'renjl/ a办 deferentially /-Jali/ adv.
de*fi-ance /di'faisns/ noun [U] open refusal to obey sb/sth 违抗；尽抗；#绝服从：a toofc/<mac(/a gesture 〇/de/kmce 反说的#色/ 行动/ 表示◊ iVucZear testing w〇5 resumed fn de/iance 〇/cm mtemarionaZ ban.尽管国
际+明令禁止，核试g又在进行了。
de'fiance campaign noun (in South Africa
in the past, especially in the period after 1952) a series of activities in
which black people refused to obey laws that were not fair抗法运动（尤指1952年之后的一段时
期，南非黑人拒绝遵守不公平的法律规定） de-fi-ant/di'faient/
adj. openly refusing to obey sb/sth, sometimes in an aggressive way 公然违抗的；反抗的；
挑绅的：a de/iicmt teenager，个反叛的少年TTie terrorists
sent a defiant message to the government. 主冬者亨政府声：出了挑战书。► de.fi.ant.ly adv. de-fib-ril-la-tion /.dirfibn'leijn/ noun
[u] [medical |g) the use
of a controlled electric shock from, a defibrillator to return the heart to its
natural rhythm 心脏除颤（用
电击）.
de-fib-ril-la-tor /di:'fibrdeita(r)/
noun (medical S) a piece of equipment used to control the movements of
the heart muscles by giving the heart a controlled electric^ shock 除颤器 （通过电击心脏控制心肌运动）
de-fi-dency /di'fijnsi/ noun {pi. -ies)
~ (in/of sth) 1 [u, C] the state of not having, or not having
enough of, sth that is essential 缺乏；缺少；不足：_EEEIshortage: Vitamin
de_/iidency in the diet can. cause iHness. f欠食中缺 乏维生素岢能导致疾病。◊ a
de_/iiciemy 〇/ Vitamin B私 乏维生素 B 2 [C] a fault or a
weakness in、sth/sb
that makes it or them less successful 缺点；缺陷： deficiencies
in the computer system 计算桃系统的种种
缺
de.fi.cient /di'fijnt/
od/y, 1 〜（in sth)
not having enough of sth, especially sth diat is essential 缺乏的；缺少的；
不足始：a diet that is de/icient in vitamin A 缺S维素
A的钬食2
(/brmfl/) not good enough有缺点命；有缺麁 的：Dea/peopZe
are sometimes treated as being mentaMy deficit.耳聋的人有时被看作智力不健全。
def-icit /'defisit/ noun 1 (economics M) the
amount by which money spent or owed is greater tJian money earned in a
particular period of time 赤字.；逆差；亏 损：almdget/tradede_ficft 预算赤字；贸易逆差◊
77ie trade balance has been in deficit for the past five years. 过去五年来贸易状况一直是逆差。一compare surplus (2) 2 the
amount by which sth, especially an amount of money, is too smali. or smaller than sth else 不足额；缺
款额；缺少：Theres a deceit _〇/茗3 mfHion in the totaZ needed to complete the project.完成这项工程所需资金中
有 300 万元的亏空。'◊
The team has to come bacfc_/ir〇m a 2-0
d明cit in the月rst ha!/这支队得板回上半场0:2的落
后面。
de-fied pt, pp of defy
de-file1 /di'fail/ verb
[VN] {formal or literary) to make sth dirty or no longer pure,
especially sth that people consider important or holy 弄脏；玷污；糟蹋；亵渎： Many
victims of burglary feel their homes have been d明ted.许多家门被撬的人都感到自己的家被玷污了。◊ 7?ie aZtar had
been de用eci by vandak.圣坛受到破环.公物 者的肆意践踏。►de.file.mentmwvn de-file2
/di'fail; 'diiiail/ noun (formal) a narrow way through mountains 山屮破径 de-fine
0-m /di'farn/ verb
1 [VN] ~ sth (as sth) to say or explain what the meaning of a word or phrase
is解释（词语）的含义；给,(词语） 下定义：The
term 'mental illness' is difficult to define. 精神病这个词很难下兔义。◊ ii/e imprisonment is de/ined as 60years understate iaw.按照州法律终身监禁
定义为 60 年。2 to describe or
show sth accurately 崗 明；明确；界定：[VN] We need to de/?ne the tasfc ahead very
dearty我们需要明确今洁的任4。◊ rhe d妨cuZty of a problem was defined in terms of how
long it took to complete.问题的难易度是以解决这个问题所花时间的长
短而定的。◊ [V wh-] Jt is d断cuZt to
dearie what mafces him popu〖ar.很难解释清楚什么原，因使他如此走红。
3 [VN] to
show clearly a line, shape or edge 画出
的线
条；}k出
的外形；fii定
的界线；界定：TVzemountai'n was sharpiy de^/ined against the 那座山在天空的'衬
托1显得轮廓分明。►derivable⑽. de'fining
vocabulary noun a set of carefully chosen words used to
write the explanations in some dictionaries (词典的）释义词汇 def-in-ite
/'defmat/ ddj., noun ■ 1 〜（that
）sure or certain;
unlikely to change 肯
定的；确定的；不会改变的：Ccmyougivemeade/infte
answer by tomorrow?你最晚明天fk给我一个确定的答复 吗？ ◊ Is ft
de/inite that hes 〖eaving?他肯定要离开鸱？". ◊ Jve
heard rumours, but nothing de/inite.我听到一些:流 言，但都不确定。◊ a de月nfte 卩er o/a job南瀹给予一
Tm not sureI can find out for definite if you Hfce.我没把握如果你愿意我可以去核实。◊ Thats de/infte then, i5
it?那么，那是确切的了，是吗？
◊ TTiey have very definite ideas on how to bring up children.
^ 于如何培养孩子，他们有非常明确的想法。〇, note at certain
2 easily
or clearly seen or understood; obvious 清楚的；向显的 EEC!clear: The look on her face was a definite sign that
something was wrong. # 她的神色就砝道出事了V ◊
There was a definite/eeHng that things were getting worse人们明显感到事情越来越
糟。3.[not
before noun]〜（about sth) | 〜（that
.）（of a person A)
sure that sth is true or that sth is going to happen and stating it to other
people 肯定；有把握： ■Tm 月nite
about this我对这事无疑问。
noun
[sing.] {informal) sth that you are certain about or that you l^iow will
fiappen; sb who is sure to do sth 肯
定的事（或人）■: WeVe moving
our office to Glasgow.9 Thats a
de/inite, is it? 我们的办事处要搬到格拉斯哥
去。.， 赛事几象T，■类兔coming'to
the party? Yes, shes a de力nite. 萨拉要来参加聚会吗？ 孕哼，她肯f来。，，.
definite article /7〇wa7 (grammar 语法）the
word in
English，or a similar word in another language 定冠词 (■如英语中的
the )、；一
compare indefinite article def-in-ite-ly
/'defmetli/ adv.
1 {informal)
a way of emphasizing that sth is true and that there is no doubt about it _肯定；没问题；当然；确
实：J de_/iinite〖y
remember sending the Zetter.我记得这封
.信肯定金出去了'。◊
Was it what you expected?. d明niteiy. 4那是你所期待的吗？
当然是。 ◊ Do you
pian to have chiWren? De_/iiniteZy not/ 你们打算要 孩子吗？ ： f没这个打算！ ◊ Some o〖d
peopZe want heZp; others most dejiinitdy do not有些老人想#得到帮 助，有些却根本不秦要。2 in a way that is certain or that shows
that you are certain 确切地；明确地；清楚
地：The date of the
move has not been definitely decided