courage and determination.

0                  I admire her determination to get it right.

M 3^ 'If # jf M A -L> o 0 They had survived by sheer determination. jiff] ik %'& 3. ift # IF A „   2 [U]

(formal) the process of deciding sth officially ( IE A ) AS, fit S, M/ji : factors influencing the determin­ation of future policy£ R|nj A A Ait (ft ## ® M 3 [U, C] {technical Ain) the act of finding out or calculating sth £ 0f]; ?fi] S; ifjf: Both methods rely on the accurate determination of the pressure of the gas.

determine <H* /di't3:min; NAmE -'t3:rm-/ verb (formal)

1                  to discover the facts about sth; to calculate sth

exactly g 0f]; jflij S; ?t fit % f±S EEd establish : [VN] An inquiry was set up to determine the cause of the acci­dent.   0 [V wh ] We set out to

determine exactly what happened that night, .ffcfi] H Alt 0JI $1$ A ± £ A. Ift 0 'If o [also VN that] 2 to make sth happen in a particular way or be of a particular type A S;         ; 3tf£; P|r) : [VN] Age and experience will be

determining factors in our choice of candidate. S#fP

0 Upbringing plays

an important part in determining a person’s character.

[also V wh-]

3 to officially decide and/or arrange sth fit S ; HA; A : [VN] A date for the meeting has yet to be deter­mined. 0 $8 |nj fit So 0 [V (that)] The court deter­mined (that) the defendant should pay the legal costs. A 4 ~ on sth/to do sth to decide definitely to do sth AS, A'i> (     ) : [V to

inf] They determined to start early. IMl AS#-StB Ao [also V, V (that)]

de-ter-mined 0-w /dft3:mind; NAmE -'t3:rm-/ adj.

1 [not before noun] ~ (to do sth) if you are determined to do sth, you have made a firm decision to do it and you will not let anyone prevent you A;l/; AS; &M: I’m determined to succeed.        o 2 showing a

person’s determination to do sth MS (ft; MA£ft; Jpllfr (ft: a determined effort to stop smoking M A$/i@

0 The proposal had been dropped in the face of deter­mined opposition.          A&itf

IT*T7n see bound adj. de-ter-mined-ly adv.

de-terminer /di't3:mina(r); NAmE -'t3:rm-/ noun (grammar if/A) (abbreviation det. in this dictionary A is] & ifti A det.) a word such as the, some, my, etc. that comes before a noun to show how the noun is being used HSi*l ( SA^ititu^HSfEJi, $P the, some, my ^ )

de termin ism /di‘t3:mmizam; NAmE -’t3:rm-/ noun [U] (philosophy ff) the belief that people are not free to choose what they are like or how they behave, because these things are decided by their surroundings and other things over which they have no control ASik

$!] (ft HI M A S .) ► de-ter-min-is-tic /di,t3:mTmstik; NAmE -,t3:rm-/ adj.

de-ter-rent /di'terant; NAmE -'t3:r-/ noun ~ (to sb/sth) a thing that makes sb less likely to do sth (= that deters them)    @ %; ilMAl : Hopefully his punishment will

act as a deterrent to others, it ftfe {ft M ffi 81 M M SI —' $![ la (ft fF o 0 the country’s nuclear deterrents (= nuclear weapons that are intended to stop an enemy from attacking)   deter rence

/di'terans; NAmE -'t3;r-/ noun [U] (formal) de-ter-rent adj.: a deterrent effect

de-test /di'test/ verb (not used in the progressive tenses AfBASftRt) to hate sb/sth very much MS; tUM; it A ES23 loathe : [VN] They detested each other on sight, fi f] 5 *0 If M M A il IS o [also V -ing] o note at hate de-test-ation /.dirte'steijn/ noun [U]

de test able /di'testabl/ adj. that deserves to be hated S If (ft; S ill (ft; ^ A it M (ft : All terrorist crime is detestable, whoever the victims.

WilrWifid.

de-throne /,di:'0raun; NAmE -'Broun/ verb [VN] to remove a king or queen from power; to remove sb from a

| 545       de trop

position of authority or power |giM ) ; W

T6; % ( £A ) iftSR; g < £A ) det on ate /'detaneit/ verb to explode, or to make a bomb or other device explode ( {<£ ) M ; §1 M ;

[V] Two other bombs failed to detonate* A/hMM [also VN]

det-on-ation /.deta'neij'n/ noun [C, U] an explosion; the action of making sth explode j§'j$;       ; 31'iH

det on ator /‘detaneitafc)/ noun a device for making sth, especially a bomb, explode    gfF;

de-tour /'di:tu0(r); NAmE -tur/ noun, verb m noun 1 a longer route that you take in order to avoid a problem or to visit a place ggfx #j {&; x£ 0H : We had to make a detour around the flooded fields. f^\\j 0 It’s well worth

making a detour to see the village.      — TiiW

TiSJliiifo 2 (NAmE) = DIVERSION^)

verb (NAmE) - (to ...) to take a longer route in order to avoid a problem or to visit a place; to make sb/sth take a longer route ( (jl ) gg it, gg fj :          [V] The President

detoured to Chicago for a special meeting.

^#^'[^-^0 [also VN]

detox /'diitoks; NAmE -ta:ks/ noun [U] (informal) 1 the process of removing harmful substances from your body by only eating and drinking particular things

wm ( ftm&M$:k)

2 = detoxification: a detox clinic ^0, ( i# ) fjf ; jfc %ff\ 0 He’s gone into detox. jfoj&Tf0 de toxi fi ca tion /di:,tDksifi'keiJ‘n; NAmE -,ta:ks-/ (also informal detox /'dirtuks; NAmE -ta:ks/) noun [U] treat­ment given to people to help them stop drinking alcohol or taking drugs ; $c % : a detoxification unit

de-tox-ify /,di:'tDksifai; NAmE -'talks-/ verb (de-toxi-fies, de-toxi-fy-ing, de-toxi-fied, de-toxi-fied) [VN] 1 to remove harmful substances or poisons from sth M#; A?S;

A • • • fit) H % 2 to treat sb in order to help them stop drinking too much alcohol or taking drugs $cl|; ^cM de-tract /dftraekt/ verb detract from sth |

de'tract sth from sth (not used in the progressive tenses A T $£ fr Bt) to make sth seem less good or enjoyable MM; ; If IS EEd take away from : He was determined not to let anything detract from his enjoyment of the trip, jfe         ^ ihji % 0 If

detractor /di'traekta(r)/ noun [usually pi.] (especially formal) a person who tries to make sb/sth seem less good or valuable by criticizing it If MM.

de-train /,di:'trein/ verb [V, VN] (formal) to leave a train or make sb leave a train ({<£ ) T A$ det-ri-ment /'detrnnant/ noun [U, C, usually sing.] (formal) the act of causing harm or damage; sth that causes harm or damage ; MS;

%j IHTO1 to the detriment of sb/sth | to sb/sth’s detri­ment resulting in harm or damage to sb/sth ( ^ )

He was engrossed in his job to the detriment of his health, ftfe     jfe AI M

M S T fife. (ft fiJ0 o without detriment (to sb/sth) not resulting in harm or damage to sb/sth (   ) Af

det-ri-ment-al /.detri'mentl/ adj. ~ (to sb/sth) harmful W S ; A M &} H77I damaging : the sun’s detri­mental effect on skin 0      0 The policy

will be detrimental to the peace process.

TIPSIftlSo ► det-ri-men-tal-ly /-tali/ adv. de-tritus /di'traitas/ noun [U] 1 (technical Aio) natural waste material that is left after sth has been used or broken up        organic detritus from

fish and plants 2 (formal) any kind

of rubbish/garbage that is left after an event or when sth has been used K       ; #L Wt;      %} Pnn

debris: the detritus of everyday life 0 de trop /,da 'trau; NAmE 'trou/ adj. [not before noun] (from French, formal) not wanted, especially in a social