A H ft : developing countries/nations/economies

AM ft Sit /   compare underdeveloped

de-vel-op-ment /dTvelapmant/ noun

                 GROWTH 1 [u] the gradual growth of sth so that it becomes more advanced, stronger, etc. AM; AW;

ft A: a baby’s development in the womb ftfa) l ift (ft A W O the development of basic skills such as literacy and numeracy

0             career development it (ft AM

                 NEW PRODUCT fr A «p 2 [U, C] the process of producing

or creating sth new or more advanced; a new or advanced product Jf A;          f ij;     M J& ^: the develop­

ment of vaccines against tropical diseases

(ftfijfftj 0 developments in aviation technology ft $ A fftffAlA^ O This piece of equipment is an exciting new development.

                 see also research and development

                  NEW EVENT 3^ A, 3 [C] a new event or stage that is likely to affect what happens in a continuing situation

mmmu, amthe latest

developments in the war iA#-lftiil|fri®:M1# #£ o Are there further developments in the investigation? UiWWiTlftjft

?

                 NEW BUILDINGS frit 4 [C] a piece of land with new

buildings on it      ifrffAE: a commercial/

business/housing development ]§} ik ft A E; §r It fffE E — see also ribbon development 5 [U] the process of using an area of land, especially to make a profit by building on it, etc. (AfiiftifeT^lftlJFA: He bought the land for development.

de vel op men tal /di.velap'mentl/ adj. 1 in a state of developing or being developed + i® ft ft (ft; Jf A ft (ft: The product is still at a developmental stage.

2 connected with the devel­opment of sb/sth A M (ft; JA -fc ; i® it (ft: develop­mental psychology AM7SI^ development area noun [Br£) an area where new industries are encouraged in order to create jobs JfAE devi ant /'diiviant/ adj. different from what most people consider to be normal and acceptable A IE W ift; ##6*1; fJra/i&#$Uft: deviant behaviour/sexuality ff|     A / ft ft A ► de-viant noun: sexual deviants i±

fi j£f# de-vi-ance /-vians/, de-vi-ancy /’diiviansi/ noun [U]: a study of social deviance and crime Aft Afii

deviate /‘diivieit/ verb [V] - (from sth) to be different from sth; to do sth in a different way from what is usual or expected ; fi ^; H W: The bus had to deviate from its usual route because of a road closure.

HAiti&fflft,   lift, o He never

deviated from his original plan. iffeM. Afi ^ § £ MfJJ (ft

int

de vi ation /.diivi'eijn/ noun ~ (from sth) 1 [U, C] the act of moving away from what is normal or acceptable; a difference from what is expected or acceptable # M; fi     W : deviation from the previously accepted

norms jSWiAflc^(ft?®fJ 0 sexual deviation iftfi^ 0 a deviation from the plan It #i+AJ 2 [C] (technical Ain) the amount by which a single measurement is different from the average fi H : a compass deviation of 5° (= from true north) A&fHH 5 f£ ( ftStlEilbffiW )

                 see also standard deviation de-VIce O'" /dTvais/ noun

1             an object or a piece of equipment that has been designed to do a particular job II ; ft#; #W; i& Hr: a water-saving device A/JC^K 0 electrical labour- saving devices around the home Ait^A(ft##lCftft,#

2             a bomb or weapon that will explode 1$#;          fft

#; lH W M S: A powerful device exploded outside the station.    o the

world’s first atomic device 3 a method

of doing sth that produces a particular result or effect AS; Aft; ftAi; Sending advertising by email

is very successful as a marketing device.

S,        4 a plan or

trick that is used to get sth that sb wants ; if ft; ifeif: The report was a device used to hide rather than reveal problems.

]Tn 31 (ft ?£ ft o iT7m leave sb to their own de'vices to

leave sb alone to do as they wish, and not tell them what to do n/fjf ^A^fr^ll; Tf^AAfPA# devil /‘devl/ noun 1 the Devil (in the Christian, Jewish and Muslim religions 3fi;Afcfn##rAtfc)the

most powerful evil being if; $£     ; fffc EL

Satan 2 an evil spirit $£ M.; II: They believed she was possessed by devils, it ill Aft M Ji li ft Iff W *      3

(iinformal) a person who behaves badly, especially a child        l1        J& .31: a naughty little devil ft

4 [informal) used to talk about sb and to empha­size an opinion that you have of them ( UMftiTf ft A # ft ) A , It ft: I miss the old devil, now that he’s gone. fSxEKiMo 0 She’s off to Greece

for a month-lucky devil!

isJL! Iran be a devil (8r£) people say Be a devil! to encourage sb to do sth that they are not sure about doing (     MWL&: Go on, be a devil,

buy both of them. A, ft if        7 nE! better

the ,devil you know (than the devil you don't) (saying) used to say that it is easier and wiser to stay in a bad situation that you know and can deal with rather than change to a new situation which may be much worse j&Iiiftgljfctt

*0,   between the .devil

and the .deep blue sea in a difficult situation where there are two equally unpleasant or unacceptable choices jftii £r; 2r A >J A the 'devil (old-fashioned) very difficult or unpleasant # # ® $£; 4“ A # # A 'A: These berries are the devil to pick because they’re so small, AA7,  the .devil looks after

his own [saying) bad people often seem to have good luckifA^is; JfggWi&MM; ^AiW^A^the devil makes work for idle hands [saying) people who do not have enough to do often start to do wrong Affl A. fk A : She blamed the crimes on the local jobless teenagers. ‘The devil makes work for idle hands,’ she would say.        >J Ji ^Alik#

“A-ffi, ifti” o a 'devil of a job/time [old-fashioned) a very difficult or unpleasant job or time ^A ( ^4A#E ) WA;

'A ) W 0 f : I’ve had a devil of a job finding you. $^7     go to the 'devil!

[old-fashioned, informal) used, in an unfriendly way, to tell sb to go away A#E$ like the

devil [old-fashioned, informal) very hard, fast, etc. pp ; Mfj; A'ft: We ran like the devil $cf|JSSI#Vft„ speak/talk of the 'devil [informal) people say speak/ talk of the devil when sb they have been talking about appears unexpectedly iftPJ A A, ^ A St 111: Well, speak of the devilhere’s Alice now!      W I# . W # It

f'J           It, rn $r & 7 A ® ! what, where, who,

why, etc. the devil ... [old-fashioned) used in questions to show that you are annoyed or surprised ( ft 7 fBJ 7)

, S!l)fe-: What the devil do you think you’re doing? jff fij /K 717 ff A ? — more at pay v.

devil-ish /'devalij/ adj. 1 cruel or evil

: a devilish conspiracy M. # Ph iS fS 2 morally bad, but in a way that people find attractive ( ALA Cl He was handsome,

with a devilish charm,

MiU

devil ish ly /'devalijli/ adv. [old-fashioned) extremely;

very ®M; ##: a devilishly hot day          A

dev illed [BrE) [US dev iled) /'devld/ adj. cooked in a thick liquid containing hot spices ,devil-may-'care adj. [usually before noun] cheerful and not worrying about the future A A W; ft

tmm

dev ilment /'devlmant/ (also dev-ilry /’devlri/) noun [formal) wild behaviour that causes trouble $5 §L;

JgiJ H771 MISCHIEF

.deviPs 'advocate noun a person who expresses an opinion that they do not really hold in order to encourage a discussion about a subject M ci S.

A;    Often the interviewer will