Pina upswing 2 (in golf) the downward movement of a club when a player is about to hit the ball ( A

)Tffft

'Down syndrome noun [u] {NAmE) = Down’s syn­drome

down-time /'dauntaim/ noun [U] 1 the time during which a machine, especially a computer, is not working •( AJaitN'I'h] — compare uptime 2 (especially NAmE) the time when sb stops working and is able to relax X ; ft S : Everyone needs a little downtime. A^fl$^rlcfA§.-*rT»

down to 'earth ad/. (approving) sensible and practical, in a way that is helpful and friendly # %     ^

P*lft

down-town /.daun'taun/ adv. (especially NAmE) in or towards the centre of a city, especially its main busi­ness area A'h, feiff ( AJai^ik A'frE ) : to go/work downtown M ® 3k A E A; iX [§j 3k A E X# — compare midtown, town centre, uptown 'down-town adj.: a downtown store |i§ rfr E (ft |8j ' down-town noun [U]: a hotel in the heart of downtown rUE cK'ftiifcft

down-trend /'dauntrend/ noun [sing.] a situation in which business activity or performance decreases or becomes worse over a period of time (

ItiftfKJ )  022 uptrend

down trod den /'dauntmdn; NAmE -traidn/ adj. down­trodden people are treated so badly by the people with authority and power that they no longer have the energy or ability to fight back

down-turn /'dauntem; NAmE -t3:m/ noun [usually sing.] ~ (in sth) a fall in the amount of business that is done; a time when the economy becomes weaker ( f§J3k*£ifr ) ilil,  a downturn in sales/trade/

business   ^ 0 the economic down­

turn of the late 1990s * 20 tttiS 90 EB03 UPTURN

down-ward On /'daunwad; NAmE -ward/ adj. [usually before noun]

moving or pointing towards a lower level TI##J; ftT |$ : the downward slope of a hill |«J T ill 0 the downward trend in inflation   0

She was trapped in a downward spiral of personal unhappiness.       022

UPWARD

down-wards /‘daunwadz; NAmE -wardz/ (also down-ward especially in NAmE) adv. towards the ground or towards a lower level [o] T: She was lying face downwards on the grass. M Eh & ^

± o o The garden sloped gently downwards to the river, fc @ (nJ’M M t£ f® M o o It was a policy welcomed by world leaders from the US president downwards.

022

UPWARDS

down-wind /.daun'wind/ adv. ~ (of sth) in the direction in which the wind is blowing Jl® M sailing downwind jliMftff 0 Warnings were issued to people living downwind of the fire to stay indoors. ELM

022

upwind down-wind adj.

downy /'dauni/ adj. covered in sth very soft, especially hair or feathers € MM — see also down n.

dowry /'dauri/ noun {pi. -ies) 1 money and/or property that, in some societies, a wife or her family must pay to her husband when they get married (

2 money and/or property that, in some societies, a husband must pay to his wife’s family when they get married ( ) ML

dowse /dauz/ verb 1 [V] to look for underground water or minerals by using a special stick or long piece of metal that moves when it comes near water, etc. ^ ) 2 = douse dow-ser noun

'dowsing rod noun a stick used when dowsing for water or minerals underground (  $ij tK M  ^ W )

mm

dox-ology /dDk'SDlad3i; NAmE da:k'sa:l-/ noun {pi. -ies) {religion rM) in Christian worship, a short text that can be sung which praises God

mn)

doxy /'dDksi; NAmE 'daiksi/ noun {pi. -ies) (old use) 1 a woman who is sb’s lover [##3 2 a prostitute doyen /'daian/ {NAmE usually dean) noun the most respected or most experienced member of a group or profession ( +

jc : Arthur C Clarke is the doyen of science-fiction writers. MM • C.

doy-enne /doi'en/ noun the most respected or most experienced woman member of a group or profession Martha Graham, the doyenne of American modern dance       H

doz. abbr. (in writing) dozen  ) ( — ).tf, fr

: 2 doz. eggs

doze /dauz; NAmE douz/ verb, noun m verb [V] to sleep lightly for a short time Bi B§; tTBX JL; /hBi o note at sleep       ,doze 'off to go to

sleep, especially during the day ( ft fUfE 0 Jb] ) fTBi BS, fTBXJL: She dozed off in front of the fire. BUtt&KJLAo

noun [sing.] a short period of sleep, usually during the day ( il # 0 fa] |!HJ ) Bi Bi, Bi: I had a doze on the train.     ifTT'hffULo

dozen On /'dAzn/ noun, det. {pi. dozen)

1 [C] {abbr. doz.) a group of twelve of the same thing ( —■) AT; A—A: Give me a dozen, please.

JTo o two dozen eggs      0 three dozen red roses

1% —see also baker’s dozen 2 [c] a group of approximately twelve people or things + A ^; 4* Jl A;  several dozen/a few dozen people ffc -f- / fl

O The company employs no more than a couple of dozen people. A + ^A0 <> Only

about half a dozen people turned up. RlfA-bl" A 5'J Eft 0 o There was only space for a half-dozen tables. K 3 dozens [pi.] ~ (of sth) (informaf) a lot of people or things : They arrived in

dozens {= in large numbers). IM1 AJttl'Ji&To 0 I’ve been there dozens of times. $c fil iP M A & tS ^ Ik 0 see dime, nineteen, six

dozy /'dauzi; NAmE 'douzi/ adj. {informal) 1 not looking or feeling awake ;®,B§W; lr fP^BSW; 2 {BrE)

stupid; not intelligent

DPhil /,di: 'fil/ noun {BrE) the abbreviation for ‘Doctor of Philosophy’     ( ik'A/l Doctor of Philosophy ) :

tobe/have/doaDPhil^mf±;

& 0 James Mendelssohn DPhil W ^ tf ± M it % • H H

dpi /,di: pi: *ai/ abbr. {computing if) dots per inch (a measure of how clear the images produced by a printer, scanner etc. are)  ( ffEp

DPP/di: pi: 'pi:/ abbr. (in England and Wales) Director of Public Prosecutions (

Dr {BrE) (also Dr. NAmE, BrE) abbr. 1 (in writing) Doctor (       W±: Dr (Jane) Walker {$})&&

W± 2 (in street names) drive (    ) J&, Ail

drab /draeb/ adj. (drab-ber, drab-best) without interest or colour; dull and boring   1;

HW]; a. cold drab little office     0 drab

women, dressed in browns and greys A ►drab nessnoun [U] drabs /draebz/ noun fTiflfll see dribs drachma /'draekma/ noun {pi. drachmas or drachmae /'draekmi:/) the unit of money in Greece (replaced in 2002 by the euro)   A 2002 ^

)

dra co nian /dra'kaunian; NAmE -'kou-/ adj. (formal) (of a law, punishment, etc.    extremely cruel

and severe      TSSW;     BSEU1 From

Draco, a legislator in ancient Athens who gave severe punishments for crimes, especially the punishment of