political reasons or as a punishment       t; M

M: to be/live in exile         4*; MIMfiS 0 to be

forced/sent into exile Mit /         o to go into exile

t oa place of exile         o He returned after 40 years

of exile, jfe 'MM 40 ^ jg j3 X 0         2 [C] a person who

chooses, or is forced to live away from his or her own country   political

exiles        0 a tax exile (= a rich person who

moves to another country where taxes are lower) ££ Hr

immmm a

Kverb [VN] [usually passive] ~ sb (from ... ) .to force sb to leave their country, especially for political reasons or as a punishment; to send sb into exile #IlM; MM: the party’s exiled leaders i2^ft$tt:$Stt exist On /ig'zist/ verb [V]

1                  (not used in the progressive tenses         to

be real; to be present in a place or situation

± W: Does life exist on other planets? % fife fr £ ± ^ £ #   ? 0 The problem only exists in your head, Jane. M

o Few of these monkeys still exist in the wild.     To 0 On his

retirement the post will cease to exist. fife i! fH Jg M ^ o 0 The charity exists to support victims

of crime.

2                  ~ (on sth) to live, especially in a difficult situation or

with very little money ( Xiafe 41 ) £fS, £

. #: We existed on a diet of rice, fStff 1 $ n£ AXilfS 0 o They can’t exist on the money he’s earning. ftfeflJfiMtfe^lft

ex-ist-ence On /ig'zistens/ noun 1 [U] the state or fact of being real or living or of being present # fE ; ^    : I was unaware of his existence

until today.       o This is

the oldest Hebrew manuscript in existence. HiftMMA’ipT-filo O Pakistan came into existence as an independent country after the war.

fH A —'H&xtft IS  o O a crisis that threatens the

industry’s continued existence

M fib ft ft HI 2 [C] a way of living especially when this is difficult or boring (         £

A : The family endured a miserable existence in a cramped apartment.          A£0 . 0

We led a poor but happy enough existence as children.

o They eke out a

precarious existence (= they have hardly enough money to live on), 0 The

peasants depend on a good harvest for their very exist­ence {= in order to continue to live). g; H-A itft A

ex-istent /ig'zistant/ adj., noun

m adj. {formal) existing; real #|E ft; A ft: creatures existent in nature          FTin non­

existent

m noun {philosophy Hr) a thing that is real and exists fffE ( M W ) (ft 9-      : The self is the only knowable

existent. glWilf—^&ft#£tf0 existential /.egzi'stenjal/ adj. [only before noun] 1 (formal) connected with human existence ft; igA§£#HEW^ft 2 {philosophy Hr) connected with the theory of existentialism ( X7 ) #£±Xft existential ism /.egzi'stenjalizam/ noun [U] {phil­osophy Hr) the theory that humans are free and respon­sible for their own actions in a world without meaning ► ex-ist-en-tial-ist /-Jalist/ noun -. Sartre was an existentialist. |6#jl:yh#:l£±X#o ex-ist-en-tial*ist adj. : existentialist theory AiXiiiH ex isting /ig'zistirj/ adj. [only before noun] found or used now M # ft ; M fj (ft : New laws will soon replace existing legislation.          Mo

exit 0"": /'eksit; 'egzit/ noun, verb m noun 1 a way out of a public building or vehicle th P; Mil;   : Where’s the exit? lb P^iPJL? 0 There

is afire exit on each floor of the building.

I^MiSo 0 The emergency exit is at the back of the bus.          P&&&ft^ftSSPo —compare

entrance1^) 2 an act of leaving, especially of an actor from the stage i!tb ; Si;       The

heroine made her exit to great applause. id.M

| 697

ft^:^ ^Hil^o 0 He made a quick exit to avoid meeting her. jfk ifi il  M % JHL MM „ 0 an exit visa (= a

stamp in a passport giving sb permission to leave a particular country) & IM & vE 3 a place where vehicles can leave a road to join another road

iSS&ft ) tB P , itlSh Leave the round­about at the second exit.  P0 0

Take the exit for Trento. M.Mft#ffcfl;ft & P&tlfc &<,

• verb 1 (formal) to go out; to leave a building, stage, vehicle, etc. tB 4; Sf £ > il : [V] The bullet entered her back and exited through her chest.

W il o owe exited via a fire door. & f] A gjf A % ^ H M 7 ft A o O [VN] As the actors exited the stage the lights went on. ^ M ffl iS ^ H Wit ® % T & ^« 2 to finish using a computer program il/JB (  ) : [V] To

exit from this page, press the return key.

0io 0 [VN] / exited the database and switched off the computer.     3 [V] exit ...

used in the instructions printed in a play to say that an actor must leave the stage (    ) i!^, i!T

3                  compare exeunt

'exit poll noun in an exit poll immediately after an election, people are asked how they voted, in order to predict the result of the election ex libris /,eks 'libris; 'li:b-/ adv. written in the front of a book before the name of the person the book belongs to       ) "iftlHS, -Iftf&*:

ex libris David Harries • PftMfrlUTi exo-crine /‘eksaukrain; -krin; NAmE 'eksakrin; -kriin/ adj. {biology 7.) connected with glands that do not put substances directly into the blood but export their product through tubes for use outside the body ^ jf Bft; 'kffifc^ft: exocrine glands    — compare

ENDOCRINE

exo-dus /'eksadas/ noun [sing.] ~ (from ... ) (to ... ) (formal or humorous) a situation in which many people leave a place at the same time ( AftfcAIDIN' ) ulj, tB A: the mass exodus from Paris to the country in the summer g 0 AtftA^E^Hdlf!]^ ft ex of fi cio /,eks a'fijiau; NAmE -Jioo/ adj. (from Latin, formal) included or allowed because of your job, position or rank  ) ft; ( E&7

XfH.   ) i^lft : anexofficio

member of the committee    ► ex of-fi-cio

adv.

ex-og-amy /ek'sngami; NAmE -'sa:g-/ noun [U] {technical Aifl) marriage outside your family or caste (= division of society) ^ M ; kh it rt'J — compare endogamy ► ex og am ous /ek'SDgamas; NAmE -’sa:g-/ adj. exogen ous /ek'SDd3anas; ik-; NAmE ek'sa:d3-/ adj. {medical @1) (of a disease or symptom ^ M & W having a cause that is outside the body k[ i® '14 ft

4                  compare endogenous

exo-glos-sic /.eksau'glDsik; NAmE ,eksou’gla:s-/ adj. {linguistics itW) (of a language ig-W) used as a foreign or second language in a particular country or community and not as a first language (       —     ) kYfk.

jSAft, Wft — compare endoglossic

ex-on-er-ate /ig'znnareit; NAmE -'za:n-/ verb [VN] ~ sb (from sth) (formal) to officially state that sb is not responsible for sth that they have been blamed for ( IA 1X1; & Bfc iH£ : The police report exonerated Lewis from all charges of corruption. f A ft

►ex-on-er-ation

/ig.ZDna'reiJn; NAmE -,za:ne-/ noun [U] exonormative /.eksau'noimatrv; NAmE .eksoo- 'noirmativ/ adj. (linguistics iff gf) based on the way a country’s second language is used in the country it came from originally, rather than the way it is used by local speakers *7f^iSs£*gftj£h]1it&ft; KM M^ft; ^hMI£ip Wft — compare endonormative ex-or-bi-tant /ig'zoibitant; NAmE -'zo:rb-/ adj. (formal) (of a price ffrj£) much too high ft;     if ft: exor­

bitant costs/fares/fees/prices/rents Mitrft&f^/XM n /1|4^ / toft /          ► ex-or-bitant-ly adv.: Prices are

exorbitantly high in this shop.