firing
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firing /'faiarirj/ noun
1 [U] the action of firing guns It 击;发射；开火;开枪；开炮：There was continuous
/irfng throughout the night•整夜枪炮不息。2[11，(：](朽^- cially NAm£) the action of forcing
sb to leave their job M 雇：teachers protesting
against the firing of a colieague 因一位同事被开除而抗议的教师们◊ She’s
responsiWeibr the hirings ami brings.她负责雇用和解雇。
'firing line noun be in the firing line (8r£) (NAmE be on the
'firing line) 1 to be in a position
where you can be shot at 处于射_以内 2
to be in a position where people can criticize or blame you 处于易受批评■(' 或责 备）的地位；77ze emp〖o;/ment secretary/oimd
himseZ/ in the firing 〖ine over recentjob cuts•就业大臣因近期的命位
_削1减两备荣责难。
'firing squad noun [C+sing./pl. v., U] a
group of soldiers who are ordered to shoot and kill sb who is found guilty of a
crime行邢队（对判死刑的犯人执行枪决）： He was executed办句/iring叫uad.他裣行刑队执行枪
firkin /'f3：km; NAmE 'f3：rkin/ noun {old use) 1 a small barrel (= a round container with flat
ends), used maiilly for liquids, butter or fish (盛液体、黄油、鱼等
的）小桶 2 a unit for
measuring volume, equal to about 1 litres楠（容量单位，'相当于约41升) firm
CHt /f3：m; NAmEf3irm/ noun, adj., adv., verb
m noun a business or company
® ;商号；： an
engineering firm 0 a firm of accountants
事务所
uadj. (firm-er,
firm-est) 1
fairly hard; not easy to press into a different shape 坚固的；坚硬 ;
■结实必：a firm bett^niattress 结实釦床 /床 “ ◊
TTiese peaches are sriH 这些桃子还很硬。◊ JBafce the
cafces unriZ are to the touch. JE糕饼烤到摸来有硬感为止。2 not likely to change坚定的；确定的；坚决的：a_firm believer sociaZism 坚定信仰社会主，.的人◊ a_/irm
agreeme/it/date/decisio〇/〇J^er/promise 巩固的协议； 确定的日期；，不能更改的沬定；实盘；坚决的保证◊/irm beZie/s/condusions/convfctio/is/princfpZes 坚定木移的
信仰；定论；坚定的信念/原则◊ She is
a^firm/avourite wfth.the cMdren.孩.子们着卖喜欢她。◊ We have no /irm evidence to support the case.莪们没有确凿的证据
支持这个论点。◊ remained卢rmjiriends.他们依然
友情甚笃。3 strongly
fixed in place牢固的；稳固的 H771 secure ： Stand the_/iish tank
on base.把鱼
缸放在牢固的基座上。〇M? buiWfng can
stand without firm foundations, and neither can a marriage. W ^ @ 的基础，建筑就不牢靠，婚姻也是如此。4 (of sb’s voice or
hand movements 声音或手.势）strong.and steady 强 有力的；坚决的：‘No,，she
repeated^ her voice firmer this rime. “不。”她重复说，这次语气较前坚决。◊ With a ^firm
grip on my hand, he puHed me away•他紧握我的手 把我拉开。◊ Her handshafce was cooZ cmd/irm. &握％ 镇定而■力。5 (of sb’s behaviour,
position or understanding of sth 行为、 处境或理解）strong and in control 牢牢控制的；严格的；掌握的：to exercise/irm
control/disdpHne/Ieadershfp 实施严格的控制/给律/ 领导◊ Parents must
be/!rm with their children.父母必 命对子女严格。◊ rhe company now has a_/!rm/ooting in the marfcefpkice.现在这条公司在市场上已稳稳站住脚
跟。◊ 77iis
boofc wi’H give your students a /irm grasp 〇/ Engteh grammar.这本书将使学生牢固地掌握英语语法。
◊ We need to keep a/!rm
grip on the situation.我们需要 牢牢地掌握局面。6 [usually before
noun]〜（against sth) (of a
country^ money, etc:货币'等）not lower than another
坚挺的：The euro remained firm
against the doZ〖ar, but/eH against the
yen.欧元对美充依然坚挺，但
对日元的杧率则下跌。一see also firmly
►
firm.ness noun [U} be on firm 'ground to be in a strong
position in an argument, etc. because you know the facts (在辩论等中）立场坚定，对事实确信无疑：
Everyone agreed with me, so J fcnew J was
on /irm ground.每个人都同意我的意见，所以我知道自己立场稳
固了。a firm ■ hand.strong control or
discipline 牢固控 制；严格纪律；铁腕：rhose children need a
/iirm hand to make them behave.那些孩子得严加管教。take a firm line/'stand
(on/against sth) to make your beliefs known and to try to make others
follow them (■对…■)
采取坚定的立场.（或态度 >
.阶need to take ajiirm /ine
on tobacco advertising.我们需要对烟草广告采敢强硬的
态度。◊ 77iey toofc a
stand agaf/wt drugs in the schoo〖.他们坚决反对校园吸毒现象。
madv. fliTOl hold 'firm ,
(to sth) (formal) to believe sth
strongly and not change your mind 坚信;.坚:择：She heW /irm to her
principles.她坚持自己的原贝j。stand fast/'firm to refuse to move
back; to refuse to change your opinions坚定不移；不让歩；M持自己的观点
■
verfr
11VN] to.make sth become stronger or harder
使强 使▲崮；使坚卖：Firm the soii araimd
the jpZant.把
植物周围的土弄紧实。◊ rhisproduct daims to#rmyour body in six
weeks.这个产品据称能在六周内使身体强壮。
2 [V] ~ (to/at …）（//nance 财）（of Shares, prices, etc.股 票、物^等）to become steady or rise steadily M挺；稳 多上Rank’s shares _/iirmed 3]> to 6%p.兰克公司的私
票涨了 3 便士，升至 696 便士。EHED ,firm ‘up to become harder or more solid 变坚固；变坚实：Put the mixture somewhere coo〖 toup.把混合物放在一个地
方冷却变硬。..firm 'up sth 1 to
make arrangements more final and hxed 最舍落实；敲定：77ie company has not
yet/irmed up its pZans /or exparm’on•公司的扩大计
划尚未最后落实。◊ rhe precise detaik stiH have to be yiirmed up.准确的细节仍需最后敲定。2 to make sth harder or
more solid 使M固；使坚硬；使坚实：A/ew weeks of aerobics will firm up that flabby
stomach. JX ^ 星期的有氧健身运动将使松弛的腹部结实。
firma.ment /'f3：mamant; NAmE 'f3：rm-/ noun the firmament [sing.] (oW
wse or
//ferary) the sky 天空；苍 穹：(figurative) a rising star in the literary
firmament 坛上一颗冉冉升起的新星
firm-ly
OTf/'faimli;
NAmE'f3：rm-1 adv. in a strong or
definite way 坚定地；坚‘固地：.‘I can memo犯’shesaid“我应彳寸得了。”她坚定地说。
0 It is now firmly established as one of the
leading brands m the country.现在它已稳稳地确立为国内i要品牌± 一。o Keep your eyes
firmly fixed on the road ahead. ^ 切注视路的前方。
firm-ware /'f3：mwea(r); NAmE 'f3：rmwer/ noun [U]
{computing if) a type of computer software that is stored in such a way
that it cannot be changed or lost
♦固件
first /f3：st; NAmE f3：rst/ det., ordinal
number, adv., noun
mdet., ordinal number 1 happening or coming
before all other similar things or people; 1st 第一：his first wife 他的第一个妻子◊ was the月rst time had.ever met.
这i他们初汝见面。◊ J didn’t tafce
the^rst bu5.我没有
乘坐首班公共汽车。◊ students in t/ieir /irst year at college your first impressions
印象◊ She resoZved
to cio ft at the/iirst (= earliest) opportunity. 她决定一有机会就去做。◊拓 ng
Edward J (= said as ‘King Edward the First’）英王爱德华一世◊ the/iirsto/
May/May 2st *、5 1 日◊ ffis second boofc is better than
his /irst.他的第二部书比第一部好。2 the
most important or best最重要的；首要的；最优秀的：Ybur yiirst duty is to
your /am办•你首要的是分家E尽责。◊ She won/irst prize fn.tfte.cp廊知拍〇衫.她在壺赛屮技得 头奖。◊ an issue 〇/ t/ie
_/?rst importance 最重要的问题 IT»TB1 there's a first time for everything [saying, humorous) the fact that sth has
not happened before does not mean that it will never happen 没有发生的
事情并不意味着永远不会发生；什么事情都有第一次
—more
at order n.
m adv. 1 before anyone or
anything else; at the beginning 首先；第一；最fDo you want a drink?'
W finish my worfc_/irst/ “你想喝杯饮料吗？ ” “我要先完成工作。”
◊
First J had to decide what ’to wear,首免我得决定穿什 么。◊ Who.came月rst m the race (= who
wonj?赛跑谁 舍一？ ◊
Jt bunged mwe/irst into the river•它-r味姚入 永中。2 for the first time 第一次；首次：When diii you meet him?你和他初次见面矣柄■时？ 3
used to introduce the first of a list of points you want to make in a speech
or piece of writing (列举对用）第一，首先
firstly ： This method has
two advantages ： first ft is cheaper and
second it is quicker.这个方法有两个优
点:一是更便宜，二是较快。4 used to emphasize
that you are determined not to do sth (强调不愿意 >
宁 可，宁愿：She swore that she
wouldn't apologize—she’d