disgusting 2 (especially Br£) very unpleasant; very bad 很令人不快的；很坏的：She’s in a/ou〖 mood.她&情绪 很糟。◊ Ms boss has a/ou〖 temper.他的老板脾气很坏。

◊ This tastes/ouZ•这个味道很差。o note at terrible 3 (of language 语言）including rude words and swearing充满脏话的；#骂性的；下流的SE1 offen- sive： foul language 〇 I'm sick of her foul mouth (=habit of swearing).我讨厌她一开口就骂人的那张臭 嘴。◊ H€ caHed her the /ouZest names imaginable.他用 i 下流的话骂她。4 (of weather 天气）very bad, with strong winds and rain 恶劣的；风雨交加的：a /ouZ night 风雨交加的夜晚 5 (//’ferary) very evil or cruel 耜恶 的；残忍始 BDC1 abominable: afoul crime/murder 邪恶的罪行；恶毒的谋杀► foully /_faolli/ Mv.: He swore /ouHy.他恶毒地诅咒。◊ She had been /ouHy murdered during the night.她在夜间被残忍地谋杀了。 foul-ness noun [U] ： The air was heavy with the stink of damp and foulness.空气中弥漫着一股潮湿的恶臭味。 n»!?l fall foul of 'sb/'sth to get into trouble with a person or an organization because of doing sth wrong or illegal (因做错事或不法行为）与…发生麻烦，与… 产生纠葛，冒犯：to/aH/ou〖o/thekiw触犯了法律 —more at cry v., fair adj.

■                  verfr 1 [VN] (in sport 体# 运动）to do sth to another player that is against die rules of the game 对（对手） 犯M: He was /ouZed inside the penaZiy area.全罚 _ K 内 对方队员对他犯规。2 [V，VN] (in baseball棒球）to hit the ball outside the playing area 击（球）出界 3 [VN] to make sth dirty, usually with waste material (通常用废 物）弄脏，污染：Do not permit your dog to /ouZ t/ie grass.禁±淌垚草地便溺。4 〜（sth) (up) to become caught or twisted in sth and stop it working or moving

(被）缠住：[VN] 77ie rope/ouZed the propeHer.绳索缠 住了螺旋楽。◊ [V] A rope/outed up (= became twisted) as we pulled the saii down.我们收帆时有一根绳索缠住 了。     ,foul 'up (informaf) to make a lot of

mistakes; to do sth badly 大量出 搞糟：J’ve /ouZed 叩bad!y again, haven’t 我又搞砸了，是不是？ —related noun foul-up ,foul sth^'up (informaf) to spoil sth, especially by doing sth wrong 把…搞糟；_ 乱 —related noun foul-up

■                  not//? (in sport 体育运动）an action that is against the

rules of the game 犯规：It was a clear foul by Ford on the godfceeper.这明显i福特对守门员犯M。◊ to

hit a foul (= in baseball, a ball that is too far left or right, outside the lines that mark the side of the field)

(棒“）击球出界一see also professional foul

'foul ball noun (in baseball # a hit that goes outside the allowed area 界外球

'foul line noun 1 (in baseball WM) either of two lines that show the area inside which the ball must be hit 边 线 2 (in basketball 篮球）a line from which a player is allowed to try to throw the ball into the basket after a foul罚球线

,foul-'mouthed adj. using rude, offensive language 下流话的；口出恶言的：a/ouZ-mouthed racist 口出恶言

的种族主义分子

,foul 'play noun [U] 1 criminal or violent activity that causes sb’s death &杀罪行；暴力致死行为：JPoHce immediately began an investigation, but did not suspect foul play (= did not suspect that the person had been murdered).警方立即开始调查，但没有怀疑谋杀。2 dishonest or unfair behaviour, especially during a sports game (尤指体育比赛中知）规动作，不公平 行为

'foul-up noun (informal) a problem caused by bad organ- ization or a stupid mistake (因组织不当或愚蠢错误而 引起的）混乱，差错

found 〇i» /faund/ verb [VN]

1                  to start sth, such as an organization or an institution, especially by providing money 创建，创办（组织或机 构，尤 A 提供资金）establish ： to found a dub/company 创办俱乐部 /' 公司◊ Her /ami7y /ounded the coHege fn 1895.她的家族于1895年创办了这所学院。

2                  to be the first to start building and living in a town or

country建立，兴建（城镇或国家）：77ie town was /oimded by  settiers in 2790.这座城镇是英格兰移

民于 1790 年建立的。3 [usually passive] ~ sth (pn sth) to base sth on sth把…基于；把…建立在：Their marriage

805   fount

was/oimded on tove cmd mutua! respect•他们的婚姻建立 在爱情和互相尊重的基础上。一see also ILL-FOUNDED， unfounded, well founded 4 [technical 7^1^) to melt metal and pour it into a mould; to make objects using this process 溶铸；铸造 一 see also find v. foun.da.tion Our /faun'deijn/ 麵n 1 [C, usually pi.] a layer of bricks, concrete, etc. that forms the solid underground base of a building 地基； 房基；基础：The builders are now beginning to lay the /oundations o/the new schooL建筑工人正开始给新校舍 打地基。◊ rhe explosion shook the /oundations 〇/ the houses nearby•爆炸震撼了附近房屋的地基。〇 note at bottom 2 [C, U] a principle, an idea or a fact that sth is based on and that it grows from 基本原理；根据；基 础：Respect and friendship provide a solid foundation /or marriage.尊羞和友爱是婚姻的牢固基础。◊ The rumour is totally without foundation (= not based on any facts).这谣备毫无事实根据。◊:These stories have no /oundation (= are not based on any facts)•这些故事纯 属虚构。note at basis 3 [C] an organization that is established to provide money for a particular purpose, for example for scientific research or charity 蠢金会： The money will go to the San Francisco AIDS Foundation. 这笔钱将交给旧金山艾滋病基金会。4 [U] the act of starting a new institution or organization (机构或组织 的）创建，创办 H771 establishment The organiza­tion has grown enormously since its foundation in 1955. 该组织自1955年创建以来已有重大的发展。5[U] a skin-coloured cream that is put on the face underneath other make-up (化妆打底用的）粉底霜IM shake/ rock the 'foundations of sth | shake/rock sth to its 'foundations to cause people to question their basic beliefs about sth 从根本上运摇：T^iis issue has shaken the/oundarions 〇/french poifrics.这个问题从根本上动摇 了法国的$治。

foun'dation course noun (BrB) a general course at a college that prepares students for longer or more diffi­cult courses 基础课程

foun'dation stone noun a large block of stone that is put at the base of an important new public building in a special ceremony基石，奠基石（i：要公共建筑奠基 典礼时放置）：to lay the foundation stone of the new museum为新建博物馆奠基 foun-der /'faunda(r)/ noun, verb

■                  noun a person who starts an organization, institution, etc. or causes sth to be built (组织、机构等的}创建 者，创办者，发起人：the /ounder and president 〇/ the company公司凾创办人和总義

■                  verb [V]〜（on sth) (forma/) 1 (of a plan, etc.计划等）to fail because of a particular problem or difficulty 失政； 破产：The peace talks foundered on a basic lack of trust. 由于缺乏基本信任，和平谈判搁浅。2 (of a ship船）to fill with water and sink 沉没：Our boat foundered on a ree/.我们的船触礁沉没。

.founder member (er£) {NAmE .charter member)

noun one of the first members of a society, an organiza­tion, etc., especially one who helped start it (        ,组

织等的<)创$人之一，发起人之一，创建人之一 .founding 'father noun 1 {formal) a person who starts or develops a new movement, institution or idea (运 动、机构或思想的）创建人，发起人，元勋2 Founding Father a member of the group of people who wrote the Constitution of the US in 1787 ( 1787 年参加制订美 国宪法制宪元勋

found-ling /'faundliri/ noun [old-fashioned) a baby who has been left by its parents and who is found and taken care of by sb else 弃婴；弃儿

foun*dry /'faundri/ noun {pi. -ies) a factory where metal or glass is melted and made into different shapes or objects铸造厂；玻璃厂：cm iron /oundry铸無厂◊ foundry workers A O note at factory fount /faunt/ noun ~ (of sth) ("tera〇/ or hwmoraws) the place where sth important comes from (重要事物的） 来源，根源，源泉 BOH source: She treats him as if he were the /ount 〇/ aH knowledge.她把他当成无成 不晓。