disgusting 2 (especially BrE) very unpleasant; very bad

^^AXI&frA She’s in a foul mood.

flljf 0 0 His boss has afoul temper. ^(ft^lO^tiffo

0                  This tastes foul. &A        o note at terrible

3                  (of language iff gj including rude words and swearing     TE&*J BEE1 offen­

sive: foul language Ji£i$ o I’m sick of her foul mouth (= habit of swearing). f£ftRj!tfe—ff P tftS) A

«gj 0 o He called her the foulest names imaginable, ffeff] M T E (ft i£ S) ftfe c 4 (of weather A *%) very bad, with strong winds and rain IS =6 (ft ; M M 3S jJtl (ft : a foul night MM£jjn(ft^B£ 5 (literary) very evil or cruel fPB (ft; 5%;g,(ft Bl?l abominable : a foul crime/murder fP M ift ^ ft;    # ift il A ► foul ly /■ faulli/ adv.: He

swore foully, life M % ife iB. A 0      0 She had been foully

murdered during the night. MEf£|a] foulness noun [U]: The air was heavy with the stink of damp and foulness.

IT7T77B fall foul of 'sb/'sth to get into trouble with a person or an organization because of doing sth wrong or illegal (         $■■■

?*%.l H*. f^E; to fall foul of the law MmT'&W

—                more at cry v., fair adj.

m verb 1 [VN] (in sport if W Is $) to do sth to another player that is against the rules of the game Xtf (    )

3BM: He was fouled inside the penalty area. E 7] $ K A ft A PA M ft Itfe 3B M o 2 [V, VN] (in baseball W *t) to hit the ball outside the playing area ^   ) ft# 3 [VN] to

make sth dirty, usually with waste material (

!$j ) # lift,    ^ : Do not permit your dog to foul the

grass. ^ihlfij^E^-ftfe^i^o 4~ (sth) (up) to become caught or twisted in sth and stop it working or moving (      ^I ft: [VN] The rope fouled the propeller. £1^^®

f±      o [V] A rope fouled up (= became twisted)

as we pulled the sail down.       — ft lift

T o W!ll=m ,foul 'up (informal) to make a lot of mistakes; to do sth badly A H ft It: I’ve fouled up badly again, haven’t I? $c X $5 fi® 7 , H A 31 ?

—                related noun foul-up ,foul sth~'up (informal) to spoil sth, especially by doing sth wrong ffi ■ ■ • jjlflt; #§L

—                related noun foul-up

m noun (in sport ft W is $) an action that is against the rules of the game 3EM: It was a clear foul by Ford on the goalkeeper.       MBMo o (NAmE) to

hit a foul (= in baseball, a ball that is too far left or right, outside the lines that mark the side of the field) (          ) ft $cft Jf- — see also professional foul

foul ball noun (in baseball # a hit that goes outside the allowed area

‘foul line noun 1 (in baseball f#Jf) either of two lines that show the area inside which the ball must be hit i£ i%; 2 (in basketball M*£) a line from which a player is allowed to try to throw the ball into the basket after a foul mm

,foul-'mouthed adj. using rude, offensive language i#

7 E (ft; P ft^slft: a foul-mouthed racist P & M m

,foul 'play noun [U] 1 criminal or violent activity that causes sb’s death         H ft Sfc 7r ft : Police

immediately began an investigation, but did not suspect foul play (= did not suspect that the person had been murdered). 2 (BrE)

dishonest or unfair behaviour, especially during a sports game ( AJaftWft^ft&l ) ft ft

'foul-up noun (informal) a problem caused by bad organ­ization or a stupid mistake (      MHHai^rfn

3i&ift) ?iSL, nit

found (Hr /faund/ verb [VN]

1                  to start sth, such as an organization or an institution,

especially by providing money frill, fr] A (   IR b% til

$1, A II tl $ 5$ fk ) Him establish : to found a club/company frj ft {ft ft n|W AT] o Her family founded the college in 1895. MlftlC^ft 1895  «

2                  to be the first to start building and living in a town or

country g X, The town was

founded by English settlers in 1790.

Kf 1790       3 [usually passive] ~ sth (on sth) to

base sthonsthJC - SA; ffi • • • if :& E: Their marriage

was founded on love and mutual respect. fMl(ft$f£SitjL A M 'If fO 51  # S W fill ± o — see also ill-founded,

unfounded, well founded 4 (technical A To) to melt metal and pour it into a mould; to make objects using this process £#!#; Wit — see also find v. foun da tion (Hr /faun-deijn/ noun 1 [C, usually pi.] a layer of bricks, concrete, etc. that forms the solid underground base of a building Jtfe8;

SflHl: The builders are now beginning to lay the foundations of the new school. ^^XAlETf flilo 0 The explosion shook the foundations of the houses nearby. ]§:!$o note at bottom 2 [C, U] a principle, an idea or a fact that sth is

based on and that it grows from S A JSS;    31

fiHj: Respect and friendship provide a solid foundation for marriage.          0 The

rumour is totally without foundation (= not based on any facts).        O These stories have no

foundation (= are not based on any facts).

o note at basis 3 [C] an organization that is established to provide money for a particular purpose, for example for scientific research or charity S ^ ^: The money will go to the San Francisco AIDS Foundation.

3                  [Ul the act of

starting a new institution or organization (

(ft ) fM H, ft] A H771 establishment : The organiza­tion has grown enormously since its foundation in 1955.

S      1955 A$JiWf    5[U]a

skin-coloured cream that is put on the face underneath other make-up ( it % fT FI fft )        IBB1 shake/

rock the 'foundations of sth | shake/rock sth to its 'foundations to cause people to question their basic beliefs about sth /A3ft: This issue has shaken the foundations of French politics.

7&Slift®:Eo

foun'dation course noun (BrE) a general course at a college that prepares students for longer or more diffi­cult courses

foun'dation stone noun a large block of stone that is put at the base of an important new public building in a special ceremony 17, IS7 (

) : to lay the foundation stone of the new

museum

foun der /'faunda(r)/ noun, verb

a noun a person who starts an organization, institution, etc. or causes sth to be built ( (ft ) frJii

, fid A #, A & A: the founder and president of the company ^-^JMJAAffl&fc a verb [V] ~ (on sth) (formal) 1 (of a plan, etc. if $] ^) to fail because of a particular problem or difficulty AftSt;

: The peace talks foundered on a basic lack of trust.

2 (of a ship m to

fill with water and sink M'& : Our boat foundered on a reef. iMlfftl&WAm

.founder member (BrE) (NAmE .charter member)

noun one of the first members of a society, an organiza­tion, etc., especially one who helped start it ( imlft)6'JAA£- £&A£-, frj3tA£- ,founding 'father noun 1 (formal) a person who starts or develops a new movement, institution or idea ( 35 *7 */UmM(ft ) ^'J^A, A©A, Am 2 Founding Father a member of the group of people who wrote the Constitution of the US in 1787 ( 1787

S&ifcW )

found-ling /'faondlir)/ noun (old-fashioned) a baby who has been left by its parents and who is found and taken care of by sb else ; E J l

foun-dry /'faundri/ noun (pi. -ies) a factory where metal or glass is melted and made into different shapes or objects H It r ; $ JHE: an iron foundry W&T 0 foundry workers Hiill A O note at factory fount /faunt/ noun ~ (of sth) (literary or humorous) the place where sth important comes from ( itliy^fft ) AM, fSM, MA 0133 source: She treats him as if he were the fount of all knowledge, fttfe tE ffe ^ A