grace and favour            886 |

Will you be gracing us with your presence tonight? if

.grace and 'favour adj. [only before noun] {BrE) used to describe a house or flat/apartment that a king, queen or government has allowed sb to use (    ,       )

graceful /'greisfl/ adj. 1 moving in a controlled, attractive way or having a smooth, attractive form ttH W ; it W; ft Ifc W : The dancers were all tall and

graceful   ^-hfrttfto o

He gave a graceful bow to the audience. fil T —* 13 o O the graceful curves of the hills jgE % fk W Jr H iP: 2 polite and kind in your behaviour, espe­cially in a difficult situation ( Ate A SI ^ A ) f MS W : His father had always taught him to be graceful in defeat.  iMAJxllf 0

                 grace ful ly /-fall/ adv.: The cathedral’s white towers climb gracefully into the sky.

0 I think we should just give in gracefully. 4%iAAI£jnj^i£AAAAiifeiA$&o gracefulness noun [U] graceless /'greislas/ adj. 1 not knowing how to be polite and pleasant to other people Afl4L$! W; ft# W; A41W: a graceless, angry young man Jfi#, U&& W A45A 2 not pleasing or attractive to look at AftH W; A ?t Ifc W; $£ A W: the graceless architecture of the 1960s *20ttt£2 60 AAWSPilt$t 3 moving in an awkward way #tj W : She swam with a graceless stroke.        0 FTO3 graceful grace-

lessly adv.

’grace note noun {music A) an extra note which is not a necessary part of a tune, but which is played before one of the notes of the tune as decoration gracious /'greijas/ adj. 1 (of people or behaviour A^i ff A) kind, polite and generous, especially to sb of a lower social position ( AltHfe) fnH W, MAW, AiUftW, ^J¥W: a gracious lady ft:m icioa gracious smile M A W IK ^ 0 He has not yet learned how to be gracious in defeat.

2 [usually before noun] showing the comfort and easy way of life that wealth can bring m H £ it W : gracious living       3 [only

before noun] (BrE, formal) used as a very polite word for royal people or their actions (    j&AfrA W3&ift )

ilMW, iEJ?W: her gracious Majesty the Queen A 3E P£ T 4 ~ (to sb) (of God ± #) showing kindness and mercy fzMW; MAW; jft A W: a gracious act of God i; f W I f 5 (becoming old-fashioned) used for expressing surprise ( ) AW, i&A^,

Goodness gracious! A A^W! o ‘I hope you didn’t mind my phoning you. ’ ‘Good gracious, no, of course not. “ f§

” “w,     

                 gra cious ly adv.: She graciously accepted our invita­tion.          Wilt o graciousness

noun [U]

grad  /graed /       noun {informal,  especially NAmE)

= GRADUATE

grad-able /’greidabl/ adj. {grammar iff if) (of an adjec­tive A A i4]) that can be used in the comparative and superlative forms or be used with words like Very’ and ‘less’ rJ 4E W; rJ Ie It W PT33 non-gradable

                 grad abil ity /.greida’biloti/ noun [U]

grad ation /gra'deijn/ noun 1 [C, U] {formal) any of the small changes or levels which sth is divided into; the process or result of sth changing gradually it; JH&; Rft g;  gradations of colour

WMfe 0 gradation in size A2 (also gradu-ation) [C] a mark showing a division on a scale % jg : the gradations on a thermometer MJti+iiW^lIt grade CH* /greid/ noun, verb

m noun 1 the quality of a particular product or material ( AbA M44W )     on : All the materials used

were of the highest grade. & JB W     0r »

2 a level of ability or rank that sb has in an organiza­tion ( llrffW ) ISA1); IR$lj: salary grades {= levels of pay) 0 She’s still only on a secretarial grade. M

WIR  ££!!!£ 4$ o 3 a mark given in an exam or for a

piece of school work J&it       iR: {BrE) She got

good grades in her exams. &<> 0 {NAmE?)

She got good grades on her exams. irfe^i^hSc^b!; §.<, 0 70% of pupils got Grade C or above. * 70% WA^^fehSMit C C |g.[0 4 (in the US school system) one of the levels in a school with children of similar age ( AS'^rfrJ )    Sam is in (the) second grade.

—5 (technical A iff) how serious an illness is (

•fpf W ) A & , [?fr Wl : low/high grade fever fa

6 {especially NAmE) = gradient(I) 7 (BrE) a level of exam in musical skill ( # % # W ) gi] , 7jc A IT*T71 make the 'grade {informal) to reach the necessary standard; to succeed  ^^ A;  :

About 10% of trainees fail to make the grade. i&^iSilll WAAWW 10%Aiifeo

® verb 1 ~ sth/sb (by/according to sth) | ~ sth (as sth)

[often passive] to arrange people or things in groups according to their ability, quality, size, etc. (       6A,

ft#: [VN] The

containers are graded according to size.      ® AA

AAo O Eggs are graded from small to extra large. ^4$ )k /JIIJ # AA* ^ AM i U o 0 Responses were graded from 1 (very satisfied) to 5 (not at all satisfied). 1

( #1tMM ) m 5 { A^Aftli )        o [VN-ADJ] Ten

beaches were graded as acceptable. A A A ^ Pf S :f Rf ® 2 (especially NAmE) to give a mark/grade to a student or to a piece of their written work tn • • • i¥ ^- ^ ffc: [VN] I spent all weekend grading papers.

O [VN-N] The best students are graded A. ft 5f W ^ £.i¥ A ¥ # o — compare

MARK V.(6)

graded /'greidid/ adj. arranged in order or in groups according to difficulty, size, etc. ( ££$£!§;, AA^f ) # %R W: graded tests for language students iff W ^ -4 A W 0 graded doses of a drug %}%}$

'grade point average noun [usually sing.] {abbr. GPA) the average of a student’s marks/grades over a period of time in the US education system (

grader /'greid0(r)/ noun {NAmE) 1 first, second, etc. ~ a student who is in the grade mentioned • ■ • A15. ^ A;: The play is open to all seventh and eighth graders. Eft A A,      o 2 = marker(4)

'grade school noun {informal) = elementary school gra-di-ent /'greidiant/ noun 1 (also grade especially in NAmE) the degree to which the ground slopes, espe­cially on a road or railway ( Ala     ) &J®,

14$, §f|4 If: a steep gradient 0 a hill with

a gradient of 1 in 4 (or 25%) f®#4® A 1:4 ( sR 25% ) W A ill 2 {technical A iff) the rate at which temperature, pressure, etc. changes, or increases and decreases, between one region and another (

grad ing /'greidirj/ noun [u] (NAmE) = marking(3) gra-dio-meter /.greidi'Dmit0(r); NAmE -'aim-/ noun 1 {technical Ain) an instrument for measuring the angle of a slope M ffW it b(. 2 {physics #j) an instrument for measuring the changes in an energy field It 'grad school noun {NAmE, informal) = graduate

SCHOOL

gradual O-w /'graed3ual/ adj.

1 happening slowly over a long period; not sudden M $tW;       W: a gradual change in the climate

H ^ W ^      % 4b 0 Recovery from the disease is very

gradual.    «, EH3 sudden 2 (of

a slope !4$0 not steep ; Ai^W grad ual ism /‘graed3U0lizam/ noun [u] a policy of gradual change in society rather than sudden change or revolution ( *±£i«±W )

grad ual ist noun gradually 0-» /'graed3U0li/ adv. slowly, over a long period of time fe; Hr

The weather gradually improved. AA,MHrAfto

                 Gradually, the children began to understand. ACIHt

gradu ate noun, verb

m noun /'graed3U0t/ (also informal grad especially in NAmE)

~ (in sth) a person who has a university degree A^