毕业生；学士学位获得者：a graduate in history历史学 学士 ◊
a science graduate 理学士 ◊ a graduate
o/VaZe/a YizZe graduate 耶鲁大学毕业生◊ a graduate
student/ course 研’究生；研究4课* 2 (/N//\/??£) a person who has completed their school
studies 毕业生,：a high school graduate 中学毕业生 o
note at student » verfc /’graed3ueit/ 1 [V]〜（in sth) | 〜（from …）to get a degree, especially your first degree, from a
university or college获得学位（尤指学士 >;大学毕业：OnZy thirty
students graduated fn Chinese Zast year.去年只看 三十名学生获得汉语学士学位。◊ She graduated_/h>m Harvard this year.她今年毕並于哈佛大学。.◊ He gradu- ated 介om Ybrfc with a degree in JF^ycho丨ogy.他毕业于约 克大学，获心理学学士学位。2 [V]〜(from...) (/VAmE) to complete a course in education,
especially at high school 毕业（尤指中学）：Martha graduated from high schooZ two years
ago.玛莎两年前高中毕业。3 [VN】 〜sb (from sth) (AMm£) to give a degree，diploma,
etc. to sb授予（某人 > 学位（或毕业文凭等）：TTie coHege
graduated 50 students tot
year.去年这所学院有 50 名:毕 业生。4 [V]〜（from sth) to sth to start doing sth more
difficult or important than what you were doing before 逐渐发展（或釦化、进展、上升）：She
recentZygradu- ated from being a dancer to having a small role
in a movie.她最近从一个舞蹈演员逐步过渡到在电影里扮演小
角色。
gradu-ated /'graed3ueitid/ adj. 1 divided
into groups or levels on a scale 分等级的；分层次的：graduated Zessons/tests 分级教程 / 考试 2 (ofa container or measure 容器或量具）marked with lines to
show measurements 标有刻度的 EBd
calibrated: a gradu- atedjar标有刻度的广口瓶
.Graduate
.Management Ad'missions Test o
GMAT
'graduate school (also informal 'grad school) (both
Graeco- [NAmE usually Greco-) /'grirkau-; NAmE -kou/ aw?fc//7/’/?g/om? (in adjectives 治成形容词）Greek 希搶
的；希腊人的；希腊语的
.Graeco-Roman
wrestling {NAmE usually .Greco- Roman
'wrestling) noun [U] a form of wrestling in which those taking part
are not allowed to hold each other below the waist希腊罗马式摔跤，古典式摔跤（参
加者导握抱对方腰以下部位）
graffiti
/gra'fliti/
noun [U, pi ] drawings or
writing on a wall, etc. in_a public place (公共场所墙上等处的）涂
鸦，胡写乱画：27ie subway was covered
in graj^ti•过_ 地道里涂满了乱七八糟的图画和文字。
graft
/gra:ft;
NAmE graeft/ noun, verb m noun 1 [C] a piece cut from
a living plant and fixed in a cut made in another plant, so that it grows
there; the process or result of doing this 接穗；嫁接 2
[C] a piece of skin, bone, etc. removed from a living body and placed in
another part of the body which has been damaged; the process or result of doing
this 移植的皮 肤（或骨骼等）；移植：asfci’ngm片移植的皮肤3[U] (8rf，hard work 艰苦的工作：Their success was the resist 〇/years o/harcfgm/t. ‘们的成功是多年艰苦
奋斗的结果。4 [U] (espec/a//)/ /VAmf) the use of illegal or unfair
methods, especially bribery, to gain advantage in
business, politics, etc.; money obtained in this way 行贿；贿赂；受贿；赃款
mverb 1 [VN]
~ sth
(onto/to/into sth) | ~ sth (on) (from sth) to take a piece of skin,
bone, etc. from one part of the body and attach it to a damaged part 移植（皮肤、 骨骼等> :new〖y
grafted tissue新移植的组织◊ iVew sfcin had
to be graced on jirom his bacfc.需从他的背部移植新
887 grammar school
皮肤。2 [VN]〜sth (onto sth) to cut a
piece from a living plant and attach it to another plant 嫁接
3 [VN]
〜sth (onto sth) to make one idea, system,
etc. become part of another one使（思想、制)成为（…的一部 分）‘；植根：Old values are being
grafted onto a new socfa〖 doss.旧的价值观念正植根于新的社会阶层。4 [V] (8/£,
//7/o/777fl/)
to work hard 卖力地工作
graham cracker /'greiam kraek9(r)/ noun {
grail /greil/ (also the .Holy 'Grail) noun 1 [sing.] the eup or bowl
believed to have been used by Jesus Christ before he died，that became a holy thing
that people wanted to find圣杯（据信为耶稣离世前所用）2 [C] a thing that you try
very hard to find or achieve, but never will渴望但永远得不到的东西；努力追求但永远不
可g实规的目标（或理想）
grain /grem/ noun
1 [U, C] the small hard seeds of food plants
such as wheat, rice, etc.; a single
seed of such a plant 谷物； 谷粒：America’s grain ej^ports
美国的谷物出口
◊,a grains 〇/ rice .几粒大米.一see also wholegrain —picture o cereal 2 [C] a small hard piece of particular
substances 颗粒；细粒：a grain 〇/ sait/ saml/sugar —粒盐/&/砂糖 3 [C] (used especially in negative sentences
尤用于否舍句）a very small
amount 少量；微量；一点儿
HEI iota: There isn^ a grain of truth fn those rumours.那些瑶传一点也不可靠。4 [C] a small unit of weight, equal to 0.00143
of a pound or 0.0648 of a gram, used for example for weighing medicines格令（重量单位，等于0.00143磅或0.0648 克，巧于_量药物等）5 [U] the natural
direction of lines in wood, cloth, etc. or of layers of rock; the pattern of
lines that you can see (未、织物或石头等 的）纹理：to cut a piece of wood along/across the grain顺着纹路劈木头；横对纹路把木头拦腰截断
6 [U, C] how rough or
smooth a Surface feels (表面的）
质地；触感：wood o/coarse//inegrain质地粗/细的木 头' IRW1 be/go against the 'grain to be or do sth
different from what is normal or natural 违反常理；不
正常；不合常情;与…格格不入：JtreaHy goes against the grain to have to
ivorfc on a Sunday.星期天还得上班 的p不合常情。
grained /gremd/ adj. (of wood, stone, etc. ,石等） 1 having noticeable lines or a pattern on the surface 有纹理扣
2 -grained having a texture of the type mentioned质地…的：ji’ne-grafned stone质地细的石或
grainy /’grerni/ £7办 1 (especially of photographs 尤指照 片）not having completely clear
images because they look as if they are made of a lot of small dots and marks有颗粒的；粒状的；有纹的：TTie用mis s/iot in grainy Wacfc and white.这部电影拍成有颗粒状的黑白
片。2 having a rough surface
or.containing small bits, seeds, etc.表面粗糖的；粒面的：grainy texture粒面 质地
gram /graem/ noun
1 [BrE also gramme) {abbr. g, gm) a unit for measuring
weight. There are 1 000 grams in one kilogram.克（重 量声•位，1 公斤为
1 〇〇〇 克）2 -gram
a
thing tiiat is written or drawn 写（,或画）的东西：tefegram 电报◊ ZioJogram全息图
gram-mar (Hf /,grgem0(r)/ noun
1
[U] the rules in a language for changing the form of
words and joining them into sentences 语法； '文法： the basic ruZes 〇/ grammar 基本.语法规则◊ grammar 英语语法一see also generative
grammar
2
[U] a person's knowledge and
use of a language (人 的）语言知识及运用能力：grammar is appaHfng.他 运用语言的能力糟透了。◊ bad grammar极差的语言运
用能力 3 [C] a book containing a description of the
rules of a language 语法书：a french grammar 法语语法书
gram.mar.ian /gra'mearian; NAmE -'mer-/ noun a person who is an expert
in the study of grammar 语法 学家
'grammar school noun 1 (in