ratuitous 892 |

express your thanks 感激之情；感谢：He smiled at them wft/i gratitude.他向他们笑了矣表示谢意。o l would like to express my gratitude to everyone for their hard work.我要对所有辛勤劳动的人表示感谢。◊ She was presented with the gift in gratitude for her long service.这礼物赠送给她以表达对她长期服务的感激之情。

◊ a deep sense 〇/ gratitude 深深的谢意owe you a great debt 〇/gratitude (= feel extremely grateful).我 对你感激不尽。PTiia INGRATITUDE

gra-tuit-ous /gra'tjuritas; A//\/77f-'tu:-/ adj. {disapproving) done without any good reason or purpose and often having harmful effects无正当理由（会目的）的；无谓的 H7?l unnecessary： gratuitous violence on teZevisftm 电 视节目里无谓的暴力镜头► gra_tuh>ous‘ly flf/v. gratu ity /gra'tjuiati; NAmE -'tu:-/ noun {pi. -ies) 1 {formal) money that you give to sb who has provided a service for you 小费；赏钱；报酬 PTITl tip 2 (6/-£) money that is given to employees when they leave their job退职金；遣散费；退休金 grave¹ tHt /grerv/ noun, adj. — see also grave² ■ noun 1 a place in the ground where a dead person is buried 坟—；墓穴；坟头：We visited Grandma’s grave. 我们给祖母為 了墓。◊ rhere were)7owers on the grave. 坟上有些花。2 [sing.] (often the grave) (usually //tera/y) deatli; a person’s death 死亡卜去世；逝也：Is there life beyond the grave ^;(= life after deathj?人死后有来生吗？

〇 He followed her to the grave (= died soon after her). 他紧命着她离开了人世。◊ She smofced ftersd/into an earZy grave (= died young as a result of smoking)•她因 抽烟而早逝。UMI turn in his/her 'grave (fir£) (NAmE roll in his/her ’grave), (of a person who is dead .亡者) likely to be very shocked or angry 九泉之下不得安宁： My/ather wouZci turn in his grave i/he fcnew.義父亲知道 的运在九泉之下也会不得安宁的。一more at cradle /?•，

DIG V., FOOT n.

• adj. (graver, grav-est) {formal) 1 (of situations, feelings, etc.每势、感情等）very serious and important; giving you a reason to feel worried严重的；重矢的；户梭的； 深切的：7?ie poZfce have expressed grave concern about the mi^ng cWW’s •警方对失踪孩子的安全深表关

注。◊ 77ie consequences wfH be very grave !/ nothing is done.如果不采取任何措施后果将会是非常严重的。◊ We were in grave danger.我们处于极大的危险之中。2 (of people A) serious in manner, as if sth sad, important or worrying has just happened严肃的；庄严的；表情沉重 的：He Zoofced very grave os he entered the room.他进 屋时表情非常严肃。一 see also gravity(3) o note at serious ► grave-ly adv. ： She is gravdy 她病得很重。

◊ iocaZ are gmvdy concerned.当地人 fP 深感不

安。◊ He nodded gravdy as J poured out my trouWes.我 倾诉我的苦恼时他心情沉重地点了点头。

grave² /gra:v/ (also .grave 'accent) noun a mark placed over a vowel in some languages to show how it should be pronounced, as over the e in the French word pere 1% 重音符；沉音符；抑音符一compare acute accent,

CIRCUMFLEX, TILDE, UMLAUT — See also GRAVE¹

grave-dig-ger /'grervdig9(r)/ noun a person whose job is to dig graves 掘墓人

gravel /'graevl/ noun [U] small stones, often used to make the surface of paths and roads 沙碌；碑石；石 .'子：a gravel path ^ ^ ^ 0 a gravel pit (= a place where gravel is taken from the ground)确石桌掘场 grav-elled (fir£) (NAmE grav-eled) /'graevld/ adj. (of a road, etc.道路_) covered with gravel 碑石铺的 grav-eMy /'graevali/ adj. 1 full of or containing many small stones沙砾‘的；含沙5乐的；含碎石的：a dry gmveHy soii 多沙碑的干土 2 (of a voice 嗓音）deep and with a rough sound低沉沙哑私 gra-ven image /.greivn 'imi&sl noun (disapproving) a statue or image which people worship as a god or as if it were a god神像；偶樣

grave-stone /'greivstaun; NAmE -stoun/ noun a stone that is put on a grave in a vertical position, showing the name, etc. of the person buried there 墓碑 HTTI headstone — compare tombstone

grave-yard /'greivjaid; NAmE -ja:rd/ noun 1 an area of land, often near a church, where people are buried 墓地，坟场（常在教堂附ik) —compare cemetery, churchyard 2 a place where things or people that are not wanted are sent or left垃圾场；废物堆命处；收 容所

'graveyard shift noun {especially NAm^) a period of time working at night or in the very eariy morning 大

夜班；凌晨班

gravid /'grasvid/ adj. {technical pregnant grav-itas /'graevitais; -taes/ noun [U] (formal) the quality of being serious 严肃；隹严 HT1 seriousness ： a boofc 〇/ extraordinary gravftos —本非常严肃的书 gravi-tate /'graeviteit/ verb {format) IJilATj gravitate to/toward(s) sb/sth to move towards sb/sth that you are attracted to被吸引到；受吸引而转向：Many young people gravitate to the cities in search of work,

人被_吸引-城里找工作。

gravi.ta.tion /.graBvi'teiJn/ nown [U] (p/jys/’cs 物）a force of attraction that causes objects to move towards each other引力

gravi-ta-tion-al /.graevi'teijanl/ adj. connected with or caused by the force of gravity 引力的；重力引起的：a gravitariomzZ 引力场◊ the gravftarionaZ puH 〇/ the moon月球的引力

grav-ity /'graBvati/ noun [U] 1 {abbr. g) the force that attracts objects in space towards each other, and that on the earth pulls them towards the centre of the planet, so that things fall to the ground when they are dropped 重力；地球引力：ATewton’s !aw 〇/ gravity 牛顿 万看引力定_ — see also centre of gravity 2 (format) extreme importance and a cause for worry 户重性 tm seriousness ： I dorCt think you realise the gravity 〇/the situation.我认为你没有意识到形势的严重性。◊ Punishment varies according to the gravity of the offence. 处罚根据罪行的严重程度而有所不同。3 serious

behaviour, speech or appearance 严肃；庄严：TTi^ were asked to behave with the gravity that was appro- priate in a court 〇/tow.他们被要求在法庭上表现出应有 的严肃态度。一see also grave¹ grav-lax /'graevlaeks; NAmE 'gra:vla:ks/ (also grav-ad-lax /'graevadlaeks; NAmE 'gra:vadla:ks/) noun [U] (from Swedish) raw salmon (= a type of fish) which has been preserved using salt and herbs 盐溃生“鱼 gravy /'grervi/ noun [U] 1 a brown sauce made by adding flour to the juices that come out of meat while it is cooking (调味）肉汁 2 (/SMmf, /n/omw/) something, especially money, that is obtained when you do not expect it意外之财；飞来福 'gravy boat noun a long low jug used for serving and pouring gravy at a meal 船形肉汁盘 'gravy train noun (informaf) a situation where people seem to be making a lot of money without much effort 轻松賺大钱的机会;美差 gray /grei/ {especially NAm£) = grey gray-beard (NAm^) = greybeard gray-ish /'grenj/ adj. {especially NAm^) = greyish gray-scale (NAm£) = greyscale graze /greiz/ verb, noun

m verb 1 (of cows, sheep, etc. ^,羊等）to eat grass that is growing in a field ( g草地i：)吃#草：[V] There were cows grazing beside the river.有些牛—在河'边吃草。◊ Parents have been warned against allowing children to graze on snacks (= to keep eating them, instead of real meals).家长得到忠告不要让孩子乱吃零食。◊ [VN] The 月eW had been grazed by s/ieep.这块地羊已经啃过了。

2 [VN] to put cows, sheep, etc. in a field so that they can eat the grass there 放牧；放牛；放羊：The 〖and is used by ZocaZ to graze their animaZs.这块地当地人用

朵放牧。3 [VN] to break the surface of your skin by it against sth rough 擦伤，擦破（居 J/eH and grazed my fcnee.我摔了一跤擦伤了膝 盖。4 [VN] to touch sth lightly while passing it (经 M 时 > 轻_，轻触，蹭：77ie bu丨〖et grazed his cheefc.子弹 从他的脸颊擦过。

■ noun a small injury where the surface of the skin has been slightly broken by rubbing against sth (表皮）擦