xpress your thanks £$ M A 'If ; iSS ilt: He smiled at them with gratitude, fife fa C! % 7* % A Ht M o o I

would like to express my gratitude to everyone for their hard work. iftAA*]Mo 0 She

was presented with the gift in gratitude for her long service.

0 a deep sense of gratitude ffi.ffi.tf) MM 0 I owe you a great debt of gratitude (= feel extremely grateful).

PTO3 INGRATITUDE

gra tuit ous /gra'tjuntas; NAmE -'tu:-/ adj. (disapproving) done without any good reason or purpose and often having harmful effects W ) W;

FE771 unnecessary: gratuitous violence on television ffe W @ M ► gratuitously adv.

gratuity /gra'tjuiati; NAmE -'tu:-/ noun (pi -ies)

1 (formal) money that you give to sb who has provided

a service for you /J\ ^; jft $H BOH tip 2 (BrE)

money that is given to employees when they leave their jobiI&£; itt**;

grave¹ On /greiv/ noun, adj. — see also grave² ■ noun 1 a place in the ground where a dead person is buried HA; J&A: We visited Grandma’s grave.

111 in 7 S o o There were flowers on the grave.

2 [sing.] (often the grave) (usually literary) death; a person’s death £Etr; Is there life

beyond the grave (= life after death)? A^EMWAA^?

0 He followed her to the grave (= died soon after her), life M EH If A 7 A1M: o 0 She smoked herself into an early grave (= died young as a result of smoking).

i® M-¥■ ifio H»T?n turn in his/her ‘grave (BrE) (NAmE roll in his/her 'grave) (of a person who is dead t#) likely to be very shocked or angry :

My father would turn in his grave if he knew.

WitA AllAT-tk^AAfAT&A —more at cradle n.,

DIG V., FOOT n.

m adj. (graver, grav-est) (formal) 1 (of situations, feelings, etc. ^, fjg '|f ) very serious and important; giving you a reason to feel worried j³² £ (ft; ]t A (ft; f² A (ft;

t/J Eft: The police have expressed grave concern about the missing child’s safety. W A A 8: o 0 The consequences will be very grave if nothing is done. rnW)₀ o We

were in grave danger. |!cCl£h7®AW;lE;l⁵&AAo 2 (of people A) serious in manner, as if sth sad, important or worrying has just happened /“Iff W; jEErW; AlftftS (ft: He looked very grave as he entered the room.

M N^- A ‘If # # T* 0 — see also gravity(3) o note at

serious ► grave ly adv.: She is gravely ill 0 Local people are gravely concerned. ^ M A HP ffl. 0% 7 A₀ 0 He nodded gravely as I poured out my troubles.

grave² /graiv/ (also .grave 'accent) noun a mark placed over a vowel in some languages to show how it should be pronounced, as over the e in the French word pere iff; Mff; IIP## — compare acute accent,

CIRCUMFLEX, TILDE, UMLAUT — See alSO GRAVE¹

gravedigger /'grervdiga(r)/ noun a person whose job is to dig graves A

gravel /'graevl/ noun [U] small stones, often used to make the surface of paths and roads ; 7

. 7: a. gravel path 7 7 K& 0 a gravel pit (= a place where gravel is taken from the ground) gravelled (BrE) (NAmE graveled) /'graevld/ adj. (of a road, etc. if 5&#) covered with gravel ®£7Mfft grav el ly /‘graevali/ adj. 1 full of or containing many small stones &&&&; A fcM®# ; Hr 5$ 7 ift : a dry gravelly soil ^#S$(ftrjp± 2 (of a voice i^W) deep and with a rough sound j)£^$?®(ft gra-ven image /.greivn 'imid3/ noun (disapproving) a statue or image which people worship as a god or as if it were a god fPHt

grave-stone /'greivstaun; NAmE -stoun/ noun a stone that is put on a grave in a vertical position, showing the name, etc. of the person buried there H 5$ FCin headstone — compare tombstone

grave-yard /'greryjaid; NAmE -ja:rd/ noun 1 an area of land, often near a church, where people are buried 3S1&, fifi) — compare cemetery,

churchyard 2 a place where things or people that are not wanted are sent or left ift

m

'graveyard shift noun (especially NAmE) a period of time working at night or in the very early morning A

AE; w.mm.

gravid /'graevid/ adj. (technical Ai«) pregnant ff7(ft grav-itas /'graevitais; -taes/ noun [U] (formal) the quality of being serious f² ft; f² HT1 seriousness : a book of extraordinary gravitas — £ # (ft

gravitate /'graeviteit/ verb (formal) EKT-I?! 'gravitate to/toward(s) sb/sth to move towards sb/sth that you are attracted to jg|; ^ 31M ft: Many young

people gravitate to the cities in search of work,

A«!R5liO«SttX#.'

gravi ta tion /.graevi'teijn/ noun [U] (physics $}) a force of attraction that causes objects to move towards each other ^ | A

gravi ta tion al /.graevi'teijanl/ adj. connected with or caused by the force of gravity 3IA ift; It A 31 ^2(ft: a gravitational field 31A ^ o the gravitational pull of the moon A $6331A

grav-ity /'graevati/ noun [U] 1 (abbr. g) the force that attracts objects in space towards each other, and that on the earth pulls them towards the centre of the planet, so that things fall to the ground when they are dropped £ A; itfc J£3I A: Newton’s law of gravity 7 ® A A 31 —see also centre of gravity 2 (formal)

extreme importance and a cause for worry f² £ 14 H771 seriousness : I don’t think you realise the gravity of the situation. 0

Punishment varies according to the gravity of the offence.

3 (formal) serious

behaviour, speech or appearance f² Hf ; J$ f² : They were asked to behave with the gravity that was appropriate in a court of law. &fti:^;ASiUbkW

fftA^frjfiJSo — see also grave¹ grav-lax /'graevlaeks; NAmE 'gra:vla:ks/ (also grav-ad-lax /'graevadlaeks; NAmE 'gra:vadla:ks/) noun [U] (from

Swedish) raw salmon (= a type of fish) which has been preserved using salt and herbs gravy /'grervi/ noun [U] 1 a brown sauce made by adding flour to the juices that come out of meat while it is cooking ( i)§ ) $1A 2 (NAmE, informal) some

thing, especially money, that is obtained when you do not expect it ZM; TsA®

'gravy boat noun a long low jug used for serving and pouring gravy at a meal

'gravy train noun (informal) a situation where people seem to be making a lot of money without much effort

mm

gray /grei/ (especially NAmE) = grey

gray-beard (NAmE) = greybeard

gray-ish /'grenj/ adj. (especially NAmE) = greyish

gray-scale (NAmE) = greyscale

graze /greiz/ verb, noun

m verb 1 (of cows, sheep, etc. A, A#) to eat grass that is growing in a field ( [V] There were

cows grazing beside the river. A # A it M ^ o 0 Parents have been warned against allowing children to graze on snacks (= to keep eating them, instead of real meals). o [VN] The

field had been grazed by sheep. B ^ nf T „

2 [VN] to put cows, sheep, etc. in a field so that they can eat the grass there SfeA; The land is used

by local people to graze their animals. Affi

£ Wi ft ₀ 3 [VN] to break the surface of your skin by

rubbing it against sth rough ft , W, 1ft ( A JK ) : I fell and grazed my knee. 7 0

Mo 4 [VN] to touch sth lightly while passing it (

N^- ) fi: The bullet grazed his cheek. 7#

m noun a small injury where the surface of the skin has been slightly broken by rubbing against sth ( A A )