grimace

898 |

A M % #/) not attractive; depressing A 3 I A W;

iHisCW: The house looked grim and dreary in the rain.          o the grim walls of

the prison 4 [not before noun] (BrE,

informal) ill/sick XM; 7£f§t: I feel grim this morning.

5 [not usually before noun] (BrE, informal) of very low quality M A ; jf H: Their performance was fairly grim, I’m afraid! jHiitt, jMlfft tb ^iS & #! ► grim-ly adv.: ‘It won’t be easy, ’ he said grimly. “ gp 7 £ tS # lL ” jfe f“ M ife iL_0 grimly determined Jg /g 7 grim-ness noun [U] IT»T31 hang/ hold on for/like grim 'death (BrE) (also hang/hold on for dear 'life NAmE, BrE) (informal) to hold sb/sth very tightly because you are afraid ( #1$# ) AAM'£7$t,

grim-ace /gri'meis; 'grimas/ verb, noun m verb [V] ~ (at sb/sth) to make an ugly expression with your face to show pain, disgust, etc. ( 0 Hi , IKM He grimaced at the bitter taste. if. —#SPi!?$l<, lift 77'8717 0 She grimaced as the needle went in. 0

s noun an ugly expression made by twisting your face, used to show pain, disgust, etc. or to make sb laugh %

; §,]&;          nP £& tt: to make/give a grimace of pain

jiftfh / it        0 ‘What’s that?’ she asked with a

grimace.    t'A?mtiLMMjkMjSLo

grime /graim/ noun [U] dirt that forms a layer on the surface of sth — M ft ; X ; IR 9s ETEI dirt : a face covered with grime and sweat ?i® Jl ^ #5 ffl /f zK

the .Grim 'Reaper noun an imaginary figure who represents death. It looks like a skeleton, wears a long cloak and carries a scythe. ( if

nn, i3-w-mAmu)

grimy /'graimi/ adj. (grimi er, grimi-est) covered with dirt       BEES dirty : grimy

hands/windows fcMftifcWjX; grin /grin/ verb, noun

m verb (-nn-) - (at sb) to smile widely SI A M ; I9»J If %; MHA %: [V] She grinned amiably at us. MMiIf Rf o They grinned with delight when they heard our news. ftfcf]#£flfSCI StiffAUMM If    o He was grinning from ear to ear.

7ifeB5to 0 [VN] He grinned a welcome. fWJi ifflo Wl grin and 'bear it (only used as an infinitive and in orders Rflf77A£^;lflff]7'Bfr7A) to accept pain, disappointment or a difficult situation without complaining  There’s nothing we

can do about it. We’ll just have to grin and bear it. 2tiifc

noun a wide smile |? A       ; M H ^: She gave a

broad grin. M M If A    ^ 0 0 a wry/sheepish grin M

0 Ho/he said with agrin. “7o ” MP]  o Take that grin off your face! %U$

&£»»!

grind /graind/ verb, noun u verb (ground, ground /graund/)

                 FOOD/FLOUR/COFFEE ^ tl ; ffi $ ; il B# 1 [VN] ~ sth

(down/up) | ~ sth (to/into sth) to break or crush sth into very small pieces between two hard surfaces or using a special machine M $5;    ■ 0 J& $: to grind

coffee/com ^^^/  — see also ground adj.

2 [VN] to produce sth such as flour by crushing 0

( $ ) : The flour is ground using traditional methods.

3 [VN] (NAmE) = mince

v.(X)

                 MAKE SHARP/SMOOTH {£#*']/A ft 4 [VN] to make sth sharp or smooth by rubbing it against a hard surface

; Hi& ; H A: a. special stone for grinding knives M

                 PRESS INTO SURFACE       5 [VN] ~ sth into sth |

~ sth in to press or rub sth into a surface HAtFfiR

( AiM ) : He ground his cigarette into the ashtray. Jt$&Ao 0 The dirt on her

hands was ground in.         ftT0

RUB TOGETHER MW 6 to rub together, or to make hard objects rub together, often producing an unpleasant

noise MW (        #1 ^ A ) :   [V] Parts of the machine

were grinding together noisily. #1 $ ^ # & W A tH M M W o [VN] She grinds her teeth when she is asleep. M <, 0 He ground the gears on the car. {tfcJEfl

                 MACHINE fUfl 7 [VN] to turn the handle of a machine that grinds sth tjj ^ ^ ( & 9k #1 ^ ) : to grind a pepper mill MMWlB

imiCT bring sth to a grinding halt to make sth grad­ually go slower until it stops completely grind to a 'halt | come to a grinding halt to go slower gradually and then stop completely 'It tl W T 5|t: Production ground to a halt during the strike. iilHlX^MTpgA MMo —more at AXE n. B3S3H .grind sb^ down to treat sb in a cruel unpleasant way over a long period of time, so that they become very unhappy ( -feN’lB] ) MW, ]&jE,  ( SA ) : Don’t let them

grind you down. $i]iMMl$&j±#0 0 Years of oppression had ground the people down. AK^St^^i&ii^IrHE ito .grind 'on to continue for a long time, when this is unpleasant       : The argument

ground on for almost two years,

T       .grind sth<-»'out to produce sth in large

quantities, often sth that is not good or interesting A EEE1 CHURN OUT: She grinds out romantic novels at the rate of five a year. MfU—X5

« noun

                 BORING ACTIVITY      ^ 1 [sing.] (informal) an

activity that is tiring or boring and takes a lot of time 4“ A)M;      the daily grind of

family life 0 It’s a long grind

to the top of that particular profession.

                 OF MACHINES Hit! 2 [sing.] the unpleasant noise made by machines

                 SWOT        3 [C] (US, informal) = swot n.

grind er /’grainda^)/ noun 1 a machine or tool for

grinding a solid substance into a powder fP&UlflM: a coffee grinder jUnlrtfjl 2 a person whose job is to make knives sharper; a machine which does this MU IS.; M X; HA — see also organ-grinder grinding /'graindirj/ adj. [only before noun] (of a difficult situation  that never ends or improves '&tg

&7&J;          A&iM: grinding poverty

xm

grind-stone /'graindstaun; NAmE -stoun/ noun a round stone that is turned like a wheel and is used to make knives and other tools sharp 15; V/iTST?71 see nose n.

gringo /'grirjgau; NAmE -gou/ noun (pi. -os) (informal, disapproving) used in Latin American countries to refer to a person from the US Hffl'fg (     )

griot /'griiau; NAmE 'griiou/ noun (in W Africa, especially in the past) a person who sings or tells stories about the history and traditions of their people and community

(mt, i ) imtlA

grip /grip/ noun, verb m noun

                 HOLDING TIGHTLY 1 [C, usually sing] ~ (on sb/sth) an

act of holding sb/sth tightly; a particular way of doing this Mti; MM BPE1 grasp: Keep a tight grip on the rope.        0 to loosen/release/relax

your grip o She tried to get a grip on the icy rock.

0 The climber slipped and lost her grip. % ill A 7       7 - T 7 7 » o She

struggled from his grip.      0

Try adjusting your grip on the racket.

                 CONTROL/POWER & U ± ; 1/ B|r1 A 2 [sing.] ~ (on sb/sth)

control or power over sb/sth ( 27 • • IHj )      B|rI A:

The home team took a firm grip on the game.

0 We need to tighten the grip we

have on the market.

                 UNDERSTANDING M M 3 [sing.] ~ (on sth) an under­standing of sth MM; JM HT7I grasp: / couldn’t get a grip on what was going on. $

'If o 0 You need to keep a good grip on reality in this job.