ar-bin-ger/'ha:bind39(r); NAmE 'ha:rb-/ noun ~ (of sth) {formal or literary) a sign that shows that sth is going to happen soon，o&en sth bad (常指环的）预兆，兆头 harbour (8/-£) (NAmE har^bor) /'ha:b9(r); NAmE 'hairb-/ noun, verb

a noun [C, U] an area of water on the coast, protected from the open sea by strong walls, where ships can shelter (海港；港口;港湾：.SeveraZ boats iay at anchor in the harbour.里停..泊着几条船。◊ to enter/Ieave harbour 进入 / 离开港口 ■ verb [VN] 1 to hide and protect sb who is hiding from the police 窝藏，庇护（罪犯—）：Police believe someone must be harbouring the fciZZer.警方相信一定有 人窝藏了杀人犯。2 to keep feelings or thoughts，especially negative one.s， in your mind for a long time 怀 有，心怀（尤指反面感墻或想法）：ITie arsonist may harbour a grudge against the company. #1 ：司怀恨在心,。〇 She began to harbour doubts about the decision.她始对这个决定*生怀疑。3 to contain sth and allow it to develop 包含；藏有：Yiour disftdoth ccm harbour many germs•洗碗布中可能藏有很多病菌。 harbour master (8r£) {NAmE har bormaster) noun an official in.charge of a harbour 港务长 hard /ha:d; NAmEha:rd/ adj., adv. _madj. (hard-er, hard-est)

► SOUD/STIFF 坚:固：.坚杂 1 solid，firm Or stiff and. difficult to bend or break坚崮的；坚硬的；结实的：Wm't/or the concrete to go hard.等待混凝土凝结。a hard mattress 硬床垫◊ ■Di’amonds are the hardest fcnow/i minemZ•钻石 是已知的最坚硬的矿石。EH3SOFT

► DIFFICULT 不易 2 ~ (for sb) (to do sth) difficult to do,

understand or answer难做的；难懂的；难以回答的：a hard chofce/qyestion为泰知邊择；难以回餐如问题◊, Jt is hard to beHeve that s^e’s onZy nine.很难相检_她只有九 ★。◊ Jt’s hard to see how th^y can Zose.很难理解他^门 怎各会输。◊ ‘VWien wiH the job be ‘Jt’s hard to

say (= it is difficult to be certain).^“什么时候能完成这 项工作？” “邊说。” ◊ his attitude very hard to tafce (= difficult to accept).俾的态承让我难以接受。◊ Jt’s hard/or oW peopie to. change their ways.老年人难以 改奔他们的习惯。◊ ft must be hard /or her, bringing up /our chiWren on her own.她一个A挽养四个孩子一定很 艰难。◊ We’re Ending reZiabZe sta# hard to come by (=difficult to get).我们觉得难以找到可靠的职员。

easy 3 full of difficulty and problems, especially because of a lack of money困苦品；艰苦:侖；艰难品 ECT71 tough： Times were hard at the end of the war. ^ 争后斯生活很艰苦。◊ She’s had a hard^e.她一生艰 苦。EH3EASY

► NEEDING/US丨NG EFFORT 费力;甩力 4 needing or using a lot of physical strength or mental effort 耗费体'力或脑

、力）的；辛苦的：Jt’s hard work shoveling snow. i 个苦活儿。◊ I’ve had a Zong hard day.我这一天 i 又 长又累。〇 note at difficult 5 (of people:人）putting a lot of effort or energy into an activity 努力的；勤劳的： ■She’s a very hard worker.她工作很卖力。.◊ He’s hard .at worfc on a new novd•他正努土C着写一本新小i兑。.< ◊ When I left they were all still hard at it (= working hard). 我离开的时候他们都还在努力工作。〇 note at difficult 6 done with a lot of strength or force 用力的；猛烈的:： He gave the door a good hard fcfcfc.他狠遍踢了二下门。◊ a hard punch 砰的一拳

► WITHOUT SYMPATHY 缺乏词情心 7 showing no sympathy or affection冷酷无情的；硬心肠的；苛刻的：My/ather was a hard man.我父亲是个不讲情面的人。◊ She gave me a hard stare.她狠痕地看了我一眼。◊ He ■ said some very hard thi嗯to me.他对我说了些很不近人情的话。

► NOT AFRAID 不學惧 8 (/’n/ormfl/) (of people 人）ready to fight and showing no signs of fear or weakness 准备战 .斗的；不软弱退缩的：Come and get me i/you thinfc you’re hard enough.你要是觉得自己有种，就冲着我来 吧。◊ Ybu think you’re reaHy hardj don’t you?你是不是 以为自己真的很勇猛？

FACTS/EVIDENCE 事实；证据 9 [only before noun] definitely true and based on information that can be proved 确 _ 的；可证实的；可靠的：Is there any hard evidence either way?不管正反，古什么确凿证据吗？ ◊ 77ie newspaper story is based on /zard/acts. 报纸的这篇报道有可 靠的事实根据。

WEATHER 天气 10 very cold and severe 寒冷的；凛冽 的：ft had been a hard winter.那年冬天特别冷。；◊ There, was a hard介ost that night.那天晚上秦‘凑霜。 —compare mild(2)

► DRINK:饮料 11 [only.before noun] strongly alcoholic 酒精 浓S蒿命；烈性如：hard Zfquor 烈酒◊ (//i/orma/) a drop 〇/the hard stujgr:(=.，a .strong alcoholic drink)少许烈、齒 —compare soft drink

► WATER 水 12 containing calcium and other mineral salts that make mixing with soap difficult 硬的（含評及 镇盐较多）•.： a hard water area 硬水区◊ Our water is very hard. _们的水很硬。033 soft

► CONSONANTS ■辅音 13 (p/7〇/?ef/cs 语音)used to describe a letter c or g when pronounced as in 'cat’ or ^lgo，，rather than as in ‘city’ or ‘giant’ 硬音的（如字母 c 或 g 备 cait ■或 go等词中的发音）EQ3 soft

► hard-ness noun [U] ： water hardness ® S 〇 hardness of heart 硬心肠 IT»T?1 be hard on sb/sth 1 to treat or criticize sb in a very severe or strict way 严’厉 对待，严格批评（某人/某_ ): Don’t be too hard on him—he’s ve/y young.别对彳也太苛刻了一他还很小 呢。2 to be difficult for or unfair to sb/sth 使…为难； 对…不公平■: Jt^J5 hard on people who don't have a car.

于没者车如人来说，这不公平。3 to be likely to hurt or damage sth可能损伤，可能损坏（，某物）：ioofcing at a computer screen all day can be very hard on the eyes. 成天盯着计算机屏幕可能会对眼睛造成严重损害。 drive/strike a hard bargain to argue in an aggressive way and force sb to agree on the best possible price or arrangement 狠狠地杀价 give sb a.hard 'time to deliberately make a situation difficult and unpleasant for sb 给某人找茬儿；使某人不好过：77iey.reaHygavemea hard rime at the interview.面试时他们确实是在难为我。 ,hard and :fast (especially after a negative 尤用于否定 词后）that cannot Ge changed in any circumstances 板 上 fT 钉；：木容更改：There are no Ziard and /ast ruZes about this._这事没有什么硬性的规:定。•（2is) ,h^:ard as 'nails showing no sympathy, kindness or fear 冷酷无 情；铁石心肠；毫无惧色，hard 'cheese (8/t, /n/omjfl/) used as a way of saying that you are sorry about sth, usually ironically (= you really mean the opposite) (常作反话）太不幸了，真够倒霉，hard ^oing difficult to understand or needing a lot of effort 难懂；费力： J’m priding his Zatest nove! very .hard gofng. ■我觉得他最 近的这部小说很晦涩。，hard 'luck/linesj^f) used to tell sb that you feel sorry for them (表示惋惜）真遗 憾，太不幸亍：Tailed again, Vm afraid/^cOh, hard luck/ “恐怕我又失败了。”“哦，太不幸了。” the'hard way by having an unpleasant experience or by making mistakes通过痛苦的经历；通过出错：S/ie won’t toten to my advice so shell just have to learn the hard way. 肯听我的忠告，所以只好吃了苦头才知道厉害。make hard 'work of sth to use more time or energy on a task than is necessary在某事上耗费过多时间（或if力 >;费 冤枉力 no hard 'feelings used to tell sb you have been arguing with or have beaten in a contest that you would still like to be friendly with them (,肉争论或打 败的对方表示继续友好）别往心里去，别记恨：Jt〖〇〇/C5 like rm the winner again. No hard feelings, Dave, eh? # 来我又贏了。你不会不高兴吧，戴夫? play hard to'get {informal) to make yourself seem more attractive or interesting by not immediately accepting an invitation to do sth故作姿态；故意摆谱；佯装拿架于too much ■ like hard, 'work needing too much effort 太费.力：

I carCt be bothered making a hot meal—it’s too much like hard work.我懒得做热饭热菜一•太麻烦了。一more at ACT /?., JOB, NUT n., ROCK /?.

madv. (hard-er, hard-est)

► WITH EFFORT 1 with great effort; with difficulty

努力地；费力地；艰难地：toworfchard努力土作〇 Ybu must try harder.你得更加努力。◊ She tried her hardest not to show how disappointed she was. MM 力不流露出自己有多失望。◊ Don’t hit it so hard/别这么 用力打！ He was sriH breathing hard a_/ter his run.他 扁完系，现在还气喘吁吁的。◊ Our victory was hard won (= won‘ with great dif^culty)•我们的胜利来之 不易。

WITH FORCE 猛力 2 with great force 猛力地；猛烈地