harbour (fir£)
{NAmE harbor) /'ha:ba{r); NAmE 'hairb-/ noun, verb
unoun [C, U] an area of water on the
coast, protected from the open sea by strong walls, where ships can shelter (M\) iP; 'M: Several boats lay at anchor
in the harbour. yf M If W fi So o
0 to enter,/leave harbour A / ^ JFiS P ■ verb [VN] 1 to hide and protect sb who
is hiding from the police ^ M ,(. iiEsf ) : Police believe
someone must be harbouring the killer. WA7@lti — A^i£77A3E0 2 to
keep feelings or thoughts, especially negative ones, in your mind for a long
time ff A, Wff ( ,)
: The arsonist may
harbour a grudge against the company, tyk A3ER[
: o She began to harbour
doubts about the
decision. 3 to contain sth
and allow it to develop HcW: Your
dishcloth can harbour many germs.
'harbour master (Sr£) (NAmE harbormaster) noun an official in charge of a harbour hard 0-w /hard; NAmEha:rd/ adj., adv. m adj. (hard-er, hard est)
►
SOLID/STIFF 1 solid, firm or stiff
and difficult
to bend or break (ft; A67 Wait for the
concrete to go hard. 0 a hard mattress
O Diamonds are the hardest known mineral.
m [ftr^o
raaa
soft
►
DIFFICULT A Jl 2 ~ (for sb) (to do sth) difficult to do,
understand or answer *tHl$;
HdUUlHl^W: a
hard choice/question $1Ul 13IfI® o, It. is
hard to believe that she’s only nine. lll^ffili ilfeK A A
„ o It’s hard to see how they can lose. IS3 M life 111 0 ‘When will the job be
finished?’ ‘It’s hard to say (= it is difficult to be certain)/ “ U
” 0 I find his attitude very hard to take (= difficult to accept). lifeTj^if 0
It’s hard for old people to change their ways. i&3£ftfein (K) >11® 0
0 It must
be hard for her, bringing up four children on her own. M—A A £6 If 0 A 7-^7111 jld jli 0 o We’re finding reliable staff hard
to come by (= difficult to get), nCi
ftTiia easy 3 full of difficulty and
problems, especially because of a lack of money HI ^ (ft; ; *11 $£ Eft
HT1 tough : Times were hard at the end
of the war. $<; AWIfl AtSlIBlIWo o She’s had a hard
life. £tfe — A*H #0 EGQEASY
►
NEEDING/USING EFFORT HA1; ffj A 4 needing or using a lot
of physical strength or mental effort HH17A (
A ) (ft; W7r(H7 It’s hard work shovelling snow. f*f| 0 I’ve had a long hard day. !£;&—AJiX o note at difficult 5 (of people A) putting a lot
of effort or energy into an activity UA 7j; H]A(ft: She’s a very hard worker. A 0 0 He’s hard at
work on a new novel. ltfeA|£A'|tlf o
When I left they were all still hard at it (= working hard).
If£„ O note at difficult 6
done with a lot of strength or force AJ A (ft; H/Ulft: He gave the door a good
hard kick. 1MS$1M§7“7Ho o a hard punch 57(ft—#
►
WITHOUT SYMPATHY 7 showing no sympathy
or affection (ft;
S'frJBW; WJ(ft: My father
was a hard man. f£A7HAAi#1f
ffi(ft A0 0 She gave me a hard stare. M3IMi*felr7fA3[lo
0 He said some very hard things to me. MMfU&Ti??SAi£A11f (ftito
►
NOT AFRAID AfHM 8 {informal (of people A) ready to fight and showing
no signs of fear or weakness
4- ift; A i§ ill (ft : Come and get me if you
think you’re hard enough. E4
Wffcafc
BBo o You think you’re really hard, don’t you? 17JIAII
►
FACTS/EVIDENCE -44; uEft! 9 [only before noun] definitely
true and based on information that can be
proved if (ft ; of H Eft : Is there any hard evidence
either way? AlfiES., UU 0
The newspaper story is based on hard facts. If ^ (ft 1ft IS A TT
*(ft*4M0go
929
►
WEATHER AH 10 very cold and severe |£ ; ii 'M
(ft : It had been a hard winter. S|3 4 ^ A # M & 0 0 There was a hard frost that
night.
SPA0£±3^^1to
—
compare mild(2)
►
DRINK 11 [only before
noun] strongly
alcoholic Sff Aftitilft;
At7(ft: hard liquor o {informal) a drop of the hard stuff (= a strong alcoholic
drink) A i7 f.ll M
—
compare soft
drink
►
WATER A 12 containing calcium and other mineral salts that
make mixing with soap difficult fijfe(ft (
).a hard water area @7jcK 0 Our water is very hard. EEQsoft
►
CONSONANTS M# 13 {phonetics i^^) used to describe a
letter c or g when pronounced as in ‘cat’ or ‘go’,
rather than as in ‘city’ or ‘giant’ c ^
g A cat ^
go^-illA WAW ) saa soft
► hard-ness noun [U] • water hardness 7jC 6iJ A 0 hardness of heart IT»TO1 be 'hard on sb/sth 1 to
treat or criticize sb in a very severe or strict
way j** JA ( ^A / ) : Don’t be too hard on
him—he’s very young. $1] fife A W M 7 —— life xE ^ A 2 to be difficult for or unfair to sb/sth
^ • • • A $£;
• ■ • AEv5?-: It’s hard on people who don’t have a car. A&WZF W A^lti^, o 3 to be likely to hurt or
damage sth njfg©^, (• ) : Looking at a
computer screen all day can be very hard on the
eyes.
8BI»
drive/strike a hard bargain to argue in an aggressive way and force sb
to agree on the best possible price or arrangement give sb a hard 'time to delib
erately make a situation difficult and unpleasant
for sb ££^A$^JL; They .really gave me a
hard time at the interview. Al^o
hard and 'fast (especially after a negative is] 7j) that cannot be
changed in any circumstances ® AfTfT; A W M : There are no hard and fast rules about
this, lit ^
A W ft ^ W '14 W ^ □ (as) .ha^d as nails showing no sympathy, kindness or fear
7^-gS ft '[f; /ATf A Mi; % A til fe ,hard 'cheese {BrE, informal) used as a way of saying
that you are sorry about sth, usually ironically
(= you really mean the opposite) ( t^AiS ) AA^7, tmmn .hard 'going difficult to understand or
needing a lot of effort )(i 'IS; ^ A : I’m finding his latest novel very hard
going. $!c W: # life © jfiWSnPAiftISBN'So .hard 'luck/'lines (6r£) used to tell sb that
you feel sorry for them ( A 7 'l$i 'ft ) WiH ‘Wi, AAA7: ‘Failed again, I’m afraid.’ ‘Oh, hard
luck.’ o ” “W, AA^7o ” the'hard
way by having an unpleasant experience or by
making mistakes She won’t listen to
my advice so she’ll just have to learn
the hard way. MA to/rliclft&W, make
hard work of sth to use more time or energy
on a task than is necessary A ) ; ^
MU A no hard 'feelings used to tell sb you have been arguing with or have
beaten in a contest that you would still like to be friendly with them (
it looks
like I’m the winner again. No hard feelings,
Dave, eh? W 3ftHcXi£7» ^A^A^
like hard 'work needing too much effort A ^
A :
I can’t be bothered making a hot meal—it’s too much like hard work. ^— AJM7o —more at act n., job,
nut n., rock n.
9adv. (hard
er, hard-est)
►
WITH EFFORT ^ A 1 with great effort; with difficulty
^AHfe; ^ A ftfe; )IR)mfe: to work hard ^AX# 0 You must try harder. 17 # M ^ A o o She tried her hardest not to show how
disappointed she was. MM AAEff ft i 0
Don’t hit it so hard!
A A tT! 0 He was still breathing hard
after his run. life o Our victory was hard won (= won with great difficulty),
fi 111 7) ft 7J A A AIo
WITH
FORCE ® A 2 with great force SAAfe; S^^fe: