hardback 930 |

{figurative) Small businesses have been hit hard/hard hit by the recession.小企业受到了经济衰退的沉重打击。

► CAREFULLY 仔细 3 very carefully and thoroughly 彻底认 真地：to thinfc hard 认真思考◊ We thought tong and hard be/ore deciding to move house.我们经过长久慎重 的考虑之后才决定搬家。

► A LOT 大■景 4 heavily; a lot or for a long time 沉重地；

大量地；矣时间地：ft was raining hard w/ien we set 〇尼

我们出发时正下着大雨。

► LEFT/RIGHT V f i. 5 at a sharp angle to the left/right 向 左 / 右急转弯：Turn hard right at the next junction•在

下个路口处向右急转弯。

be/feel hard 'done by (informal) to be or feel unfairly treated受到不公平彳4 ®;感到委屈：She has every right to feel hard done by—her parents have given her nothing.她完全有权觉得委屈——她父母什么都没给 她。be ,hard 'pressed/'pushed to do sth | be hard put (to it) to do sth to find it very difficult to do sth 很难做某事：He was hard put to it to explain her disappearance.他很难对她的消失作出解释。be hard ■ up for sth to have too few or too little of sth 某物匮 乏：We’re hard up /or ideas•我们再想不出主^ 了。 一see also hard up 'hard on sth very soon after 紧接 着：JFfis death/oHowed hard on hers.命死后不久，，他也 死了。take sth ’hard to be very upset by sth 为某事很 苦恼（或难受）：JF/e toofc his vvi/e’s deat/i very hard.他 对妻子的死感到很难过。一more at die v.，heel n.

WHICH WORD?词语辨析

hard ♦ hardly

■ The adverb from the adjective hard is hard.形容词 hard 的副词为 hard: I have to work hard today.今 天我得★力工作。She has thought very hard about p/fl/7s.她曾经悉心思考她未来的计划。◊ /t vww ra/n/ng owts/企.外p雨下得很大

k Hardly is an adverb meaning 'almost not\ * hardly 为副词，意为几乎不、几乎没有：ever go to concerts.我很少去听音乐会。◊/ am /wrrf/y wfl/f /or my 加/t/u/fly.義迫切等_着彘的生曰。丨t cannot be used instead of hard, 词不能代替 hard: I’ve been working hardly today, o She has thought very hardly about her future plans, o .4t：was.mining, hardly

note at hardly

hard-back /'haidbask; NAmE 'haird-/ (also hard-cover especially in NAm£) noun [C, U] a book that has a stiff cover 精—书：What’s the price 〇/ the hardbacfc?精装本 多少钱？. ◊ was published m hardbacfc iast year•这书 去年以精装本出版。◊ hardbacfc boofcs/edftions精装书/ 本一compare paperback

hard-ball /'ha:dbo:l; NAmE 'haird-/ noun (NAm£) 1 the game of baseball (when contrasted with softball) # 球运动（:与全球运‘相对）² used to refer to a way of behaving, especially in politics, that shows that a person is determined to get what they want 果敢，果决 (尤指政治手段）：J want us to hardbaH on this issue.我希望我们在这个问题上不手软。◊hardbaH poZftics强硬政治

hard-bit-ten /.haid'bitn; NAmE ,ha:rd-/ adj. not easily shocked and not showing emotion, because you have experienced many unpleasant things 久经磨练命坚强的

hard-board /'haidboid; NAmE 'ha:rdbo:rd/ noun [u] a type of stiff board made by crushing very small pieces of wood together into thin sheets 硬质纤维板（由碎木 压成）

.hard- boiled adj. 1 (of an egg 鸡蛋）boiled until the inside is hard 煮^的；煮硬的一compare soft-boiled 2 (of people 义）not showing much emotion 不动感情

的；不流露情感的

,hard ■ by (oW-/<3s/j/o/ierf) very near sth 很接近；临近 ► .hard by adv.

.hard 'candy noun [u] {NArn^) = boiled sweet

.hard cash (6r£) (NAmE ,cold 'cash) noun [U] money, especially in the form of coins and notes, that you can spend现金（尤指硬币和纸币）

'hard cider noun {NAmE) = cider(I)

.hard-'code verb [VN] (computing if) to write data so that it cannot easily be changed 编写硬代码，编写硬编 码（编码不会被轻易更改）

.hard 'copy noun [U, C] (computing if) information from a computer that has been printed on paper 硬拷贝，打 印件（打印出的计算机资料> —picture o page R5 ■ hard 'core noun {Br£) 1 [sing.+sing./pl. v.] the small central group in an organization, or in a particular group of people, who are the most active or who will not change their beliefs or behaviour 核心力量；骨千； 中坚力量：ft’s reaHy onZy the hard core that bother^ to go to meetings.也只有那些骨干分子愿意去开会。◊ A hard core 〇/drivers ignores the iaw.部分顽固的驾车人无 视这项法律。2 [U] (usually 'hardcore) small pieces of stone, brick, etc. used as a base for building roads on 路基碎砖石；路基垫层

.hard-'core adj. [only before noun] 1 having a belief or a way of behaving that will not change 中坚的；骨千的： hard-core party members 核心党员 2 showing or describing sexual activity in a detailed or violent way

(关于性爱）露骨的，赤裸裸的：r/ieyseHhard-core pornography.他们出售赤裸裸的色情物品。_ compare

SOFT-CORE

,hard court noun an area with a hard surface for playing tennis on, not grass 5更地网球场 hard-cover /'ha:dkAV0(r); NAmE 'haird-/ noun (especially NAm£) = HARDBACK

.hard 'currency noun [u, C] money that is easy to exchange for money from another country, because it is not likely to lose its value 硬通货（币{I；稳定，容易 兑换）_

,hard 'disk noun a disk inside a computer that stores data and programs 硬盘；5更磁盘一picture o page R5 —compare floppy disk

•hard-dfinking flc/y. drinking a lot of alcohol 大量饮酒

的；海量的

'hard drive noun (computing if) a part of a computer that reads data on a hard disk 硬盘驱动器 ,hard 'drug noun [usually pi.] a powerful illegal drug, such as heroin, that some people take for pleasure and can become addicted to硬性毒品（常用成瘾） —compare soft drug

.hard-¹ earned adj. that you get only after a lot of work and effort辛勤挣来的；来之不易的：hard-earned cash 用汗水换来的钱◊ Wle 卢naHy managed a hard-eamed dmiv.我们终于追成了平局。

.hard-edged adj. powerful, true to life and not affected by emotion 客观逼真紅：the movie’s hard-edged rectum那部电影的逼真的现实主义 hard-en /'hardn; NAmE 'hairdn/ verb 1 to become or make sth become firm, stiff or solid (使）变硬，硬化： [V] The varnish tafces a/ew hours to harden.清&需無几 :个•小’时才能干透。◊ [VN] a method /or hardening and preserving wood硬化和保存木料的方法2 if your voice, face, etc. hardens, or you harden it, it becomes more serious or severe (使声音、面孔等）更严肃，更严厉：[V] Her face hardened into an expression of hatred.

下来，面带恨意。◊ [VN] He hardened/iis voice when he saw she wasn’t fetenin^.看到她没在听他讲话，他声音严 厉起来。3 if sb’s feelings or attitudes harden or sb/sth hardens them, they become more fixed and deter- mined (使）更坚定，更强硬：[V] PuWic attitudes to the strike have hardened.公众对这次罢工所持的态度已强硬 起来。◊ TTieir suspicions hardened into certafnty. ’他们 由#疑变成肯定。◊ [VN] 77ie fnc/dent hardened her resoive to ieave t/ie company.这件事使她更加坚定了离开 公司的决心。4 [VN] [usually passive] to make sb less kind or less affected by extreme situations 使变得无情；使不 被打动：Joe sounded di)5ferent, hardeneci by the war•乔 让人觉得变了，让战争变得冷酷无情了。◊rha were hardened criminals (= they showed no regret for their crimes)•他们都是死不悔改的罪犯。◊ Jn this job you have to harden your heart to pain and suffering. #3^^ 工作面对伤痛和病患时你得保持冷静心情。► hard*eiving