sounds old-fashioned. TTAift historic       h HU®

ffl an  a, TJfl&n/r^fcjlNTo

his torical 0-w /hi'storikl; NAmE -'stoir-; -'stair-/ adj. [usually before noun]

1 connected with the past (      ) A AW: the histor­

ical background to the war &lX.i!i!c#,-WAA#JS: 0 You must place these events in their historical context. 00

2 connected

with the study of history W XAASTTl W; B A# W: historical documents/records/research A ¥ X M H ^ / ST % o The building is of historical importance.

$3i^WMW:J®ASf Atfr{io 3 (of a book, Film/ movie, etc. A> ft, A about people and events in the past B A M II W : a historical novel B A ^ isiau Some speakers do not pronounce the ‘h’ at the beginning of historical and use ‘an’ instead of ‘a’ before it. This now sounds old-fashioned. ^ A ift historical     h TT, an      a, fJSAnjT^XM

B’tTo ► his-tor-ic-al-ly /-kli/ adv.: The book is historic­ally inaccurate.    A71f o 0 Historically, there

has always been a great deal of rivalry between the two families.

historicism /hi'stDrisizam; NAmE-'sto:r-; -'stair-/ noun [U] the theory that cultural and social events and situations can be explained by history BAAaEt£; BA±X

the historic 'present noun [sing.] {grammar ilrA) the simple present tense used to describe events in the past in order to make the description more powerful B A

mm)

historiography /hi.sturi'ugrafi; NAmE -.stoiri'aig-; -.stair-/ noun [U] the study of writing about history ^ A; Hi A;  historiograph ical /hi.stDria-

'graefikl; NAmE -.stair-; -.stair-/ adj.

his-tory 0-w /'histri/ noun {pi. -ies)

1 [U] all the events that happened in the past B A ( Ib iiAHAWM^^ti): a turning point in human history A A A W —■ Alt #r o one of the worst

disasters in recent history i£ftA±ftAWA)5i^“*Oa people with no sense of history —■A'&WA A]^ W  0

Many people throughout history have dreamt of a world without war.  0

The area was inhabited long before the dawn of recorded history (= before people wrote about events). mfe'HB AiEliitMA&^ifeES^A^ftTo 0 These events changed the course of history. i£®7T4i&3£7MAW]ffi H0 2 [sing., U] the past events concerned in the devel­opment of a particular place, subject, etc. ( TfAXAitil A, ±®^W ) HMA, MA: the history of Ireland/ democracy/popular music HA A / &± / AlItAXWAA 0 The local history of the area is fascinating. iiAi&E WMATSWlcSo 0 The school traces its history back to 1865 a0 3[u]the study of past events as a subject at school or university B A if; B A 7: a history teacher JSAtioa degree in History B A ¥ # Ti o social/economic/political history /g£$F /itfpAo ancient/medieval/modem history Aft/ A tft / ififtA 0 She’s studying art history, jfe 3E TE ffi ^ ^ A A „ — see also natural history 4 [C] a written or spoken account of past events A A ( HAAifiic^AATTBfc ) : She’s writing a new history of Europe. MIETE^j-"hP$tWI$:?MAo o She went on to catalogue a long history of disasters.

m 7—■£ A A5® o 5 [sing.] — (of sth) a record of sth happening frequently in the past life of a person, family or place; the set of facts that are known about sb’s past life ( SAW ) MB, £B; ^^A; ( SIW ) ® m: He has a history of violent crime. TEW HA IE 31 Wlu 0 There is a history of heart disease in my family. It S^S^7'J®^Ao o a patient’s medical history A W^IA —see also case history, life history ITOMl be 'history (informal) to be dead or no longer important % E&A7;    J&AAA: Another mistake

like that and you’re history.

0 We won’t talk about thatthat’s history. It Til 7

toiPfNSw 0 That’s past history

now. SP H \cl HU W the ' history books the record of great achievements in history J® A ± J£ A W iB It: She has earned her place in the history books.

if A. history re'peats itself used to say that things often happen later in the same way as before MAN"# Hill make 'history | go down in 'history to be or do

sth so important that it will be recorded in history it A Afllh f AS^; 6'J ia A A : a discovery that made medical history fcAE7AflftW—— more at rest n.

his-tri-on-ic /.histri'nmk; NAmE -'aimk/ adj. [usually before noun] (formal, disapproving) histrionic behaviour is very emotional and is intended to attract attention in a way that does not seem sincere jffliifA W;

^ W his-tri-on-ic-al-ly /-kli/ adv. his-tri-on-ics noun [pi.]: She was used to her mother’s histrionics. jt&53fS;7

hit 0-w /hit/ verb, noun

m verb (hit-ting, hit, hit)

                 TOUCH SB/STH WITH FORCE IT 1 [VN] ~ sb/sth (with sth) to

bring your hand, or an object you are holding, against sb/sth quickly and with force ( A7tlM- )A, IT: My parents never used to hit me. W          HU JA 7 7 IT

He 0  0 He hit the nail squarely on the head with the

hammer. Tffefgfi7lE2l#£r7il£“FAo o She hit him on the head with her umbrella. MAM^lTTlkWAo 2 [VN] to come against sth/sb with force, especially causing damage or injury lift; HA ( if J&HA ) : The bus hit the bridge.      7 #f±o o I was hit by a falling

stone.         3 [VN] ~ sth

(on/against sth) to knock a part of your body against sth m. ( #ftSP<v )   ) : He hit his head on the

low ceiling, m W A tit 7     m W Att«» 4 [VN] [often

passive] (of a bullet, bomb, etc. or a person using them 71#,  M^P#) to reach and touch a

person or thing suddenly and with force A A; # A: The town was hit by bombs again last night. jkAflAW

^Cilf!] 7lt o He was hit by a sniper,

AAA Ao

                 BALL it 5 [VN] to bring a bat, etc. against a ball

and push it away with force A (      ) : She hit the ball

too hard and it went out of the court. Mlfill, IE

IT A 7 ^ /T o o We’ve hit our ball over the fence! A Til TE A M MS. ^ 7 !         6 [VN] {sport ft) to score points

by hitting a ball A$M# A': to hit a home run IT A A £IT

                 HAVE BAD EFFECT ±T B PT>] 7 to have a bad effect on sb/sth A A A & b|rI ; IT A ; MW: [VN] The tax increases will certainly hit the poor.

WIaI Ho 0 His death didn’t really hit me at first. TtfeW lE a® H    A £ J£ B|rI o o Rural areas have been

worst hit by the strike.        WlTASj/L

Jr 0 o Spain was one of the hardest hit countries. M S£ 31iiiI^:lTA*:A*WH^A-'o o [V] A tornado hit on Tuesday night. M^X^±HA7-lAlg#Mo

                 ATTACK IjtA 8 to attack sb/sth TfcA; iHA: [VN] We hit the enemy when they least expected it. ^cTlIASiC A

[aisov]

                 REACH M A 9 [VN] to reach a place 3\ ii ( ifo ) :

Follow this footpath and you’ll eventually hit the road. A M ^ A & M , £& H A ± A ^» 0 The President hits town tomorrow. &Aft7 A^o 10 [VN] to reach a particular level j£5!j ( ^7X7-) : Temperatures hit 40 ° yesterday. PfAAimtfiiii 40 o The euro hit a record low in trading today.        7 AAST&

7X7o

                 PROBLEM/DIFFICULTY JrJ ^      11 [VN] {informal) to

experience sth difficult or unpleasant iSfiJ®)®; Tii'AW^'lf: We seem to have hit a problem. ISTrH!i[7ii 3\ 7(Rlio 0 Everything was going well but then we hit trouble.

mm0

                 SUDDENLY REALIZE      iRfiJ 12 [VN] (informal) to come

suddenly into your mind $1 ^ II ^ : I couldn’t remember where I’d seen him before, and then it suddenly hit me.

A7o

PRESS BUTTON ^ M 13 [VN] {informal) to press sth such as a button to operate a machine, etc. , ft ( j$ fE # ) : Hit the brakes!