impurity                1028 |

im purity /im'pjuarati; NAmE -'pjur-/ noun (pi. -ies) 1 [C] a substance that is present in small amounts in another substance, making it dirty or of poor quality Q : A filter will remove most impurities found in water.

2 [U] the state of being dirty or not pure      £333 purity

im pute /im'pjuit/  im pute sth to sb/sth (for­

mal) to say, often unfairly, that sb is responsible for sth or has a particular quality ( #     FF# )

IQ # 7 H771 attribute imputation /.impju'teijn/ noun [U, C]

in (Hr /m/ prep., adv., adj., noun

m prep, lil-mjl For the special uses of in in phrasal verbs, look at the entries for the verbs. For example deal in sth is in the phrasal verb section at deal. * in *$§-i§3fj +   deal in sth *i^&

deal &!jfeinzAi5]        1 at a point within an area or a

space * (   ® iel*l ) X&trM: a country in

Africa        0 The kids were playing in the

street. ®Tfn*ilr Ain:,, 0 It’s in that drawer. *gfl TttiSito o I read about it in the paper.

2 within the shape of sth; surrounded by sth* ( ) *; *-l*i; *•••*: She

was lying in bed. M$$* A±0 0 sitting in an armchair 0 Leave the key in the lock. fE#!!&{§*fit ?LJIo 0 Soak it in cold water. 3E;i£;*ffiMi&*^7jt|Io 3 into sth ISA: He dipped his brush in the paint, %Jf*W^S!iTi£o 0 She got in her car and drove off.

, jf t! 7 o 4 forming the whole or part of sth/sb; contained within sth/sb      ( i&IrP

% ) ; &•£*••-£03: There are 31 days in May. fffi {ft * 31 A„ o all the paintings in the collection

0 I recognize his father in him (= his char­acter is similar to his father’s). f$* life #± ir fij 7 fife tfjHffio 5 during a period of time * (        ) 0:

in 2005 * 2005 7 o in the 18th century * 18 0 in

spring/summer/autumn/winter * # / Jt / fA / A 0 in the fall * %k A o in March * H ft 0 in the morning/ afternoon/evening *±*/“FT/0&± o I’m getting forgetful in my old age. ifc ± 7 ¥

6 after a particular length of time * ( Wt N" Ihl ) *

: to return in a few minutes/hours/days/months. JL ft®? / fl/Jsflt / /l A / Jl AJ! fs 0A 0 It will be ready in a week’s time (= one week from now). H W ~~ J§l (ft Rt faj Wt 0 She learnt to drive in three weeks (= after three weeks she could drive). M?£HyFM#lffe^^7A: A c 7 (used in negative sentences or after first, last, etc. #3 7 sti Aj ^ first, last ^ * Jg) for a particular period of time * (      ) p*g: I haven’t seen him in

years.       ll^'&JiLM'ftfcTp 0 It’s the first letter I’ve

had in ten days. &    ^ 7 A A i|fc M. W %if ft 0

8 wearing sth WW ; DcW: dressed in their best clothes 0 the man in the hat Dtll T^JflT 0 to be in uniform        If rfrj IS 0 She was all in black.

ft — j| H 0        9 used to describe physical surroundings

(       ) : We went out in the rain. ffcff]

WM A ATo 0 He was sitting alone in the darkness, fib 10 used to show a state or condition (        ) : I’m in love! Ssfij! o The

house is in good repair.     0 I must

put my affairs in order, fi # M ® M 8 MIk A %■ 0 0 a man in his thirties ^ (Hi I! T 0 The daffodils

were in full bloom. 7]cfilj*® -JFTo 11 involved in sth; taking part in sth #%; #|jp: to act in a play 12 used to show sb’s job or profession ( ik ) : He is in the army, fib * % PA UK a o She’s in computers.        0 in business }k$i 13 used

to show the form, shape, arrangement or quantity of sth   Wfk, : anovelin

three parts ffffi  0 Roll it up in a ball. JE'b’#

o They sat in rows. ffefQ— j#~r#ilb£kir0 0 People flocked in their thousands to see her.        T

@      14 used to show the

language, material, etc. used (

) : Say it in English, iff 0 O She wrote in pencil.   0 Put it in writing. jE'BW T^o

0 / paid in cash.       M ^ fC f^ W 0 0 He spoke in a loud

voice, fib p o 15 concerning sth ^ ; * ■ ■ ■ ff

ffi: She was not lacking in courage.    0

a country rich in minerals fif0 three metres in length H 16 while doing sth; while sth is happening # - ^; ^ In attempting to

save the child from drowning, she nearly lost her own life.  0 In all the

commotion I forgot to tell him the news.

?ci^T n-UrflbiPTfMBo 17 used to introduce the name of a person who has a particular quality ( 61 np H 66 A 66 & ¥ ) : We’re losing a first-rate editor in Jen.      18 used to show

a rate or relative amount (

S ) : a gradient of one in five 2#* —    0 a tax

rate of 22 pence in the pound     22

ITSIW in that /in dat/ (formal) for the reason that; because 0 &; 0 fj: She was fortunate in that she had friends to help her.

a adv. lYTJlil For the special uses of in in phrasal verbs, look at the entries for the verbs. For example fill in (for sb) is in the phrasal verb section at fill. * in

$n fill in (for sb) *is]& fill 1 contained within an object, an area or a substance   *0: We were locked in. fkfH

o I can’t drink coffee with milk in. 1^2 II Jp * #5JHj # o 2 into an object, an area or a substance jgfcA: She opened the door and went in. jttbjT . JF H *8: 7 o 0 The kids were playing by the river and

one of them fell in. &H, — ^7jc7o 3 (of people A) at home or at a place of work *^M; *if£!£-fNobody was in when we called, fk flit! OUT 4 (of trains, buses, etc.

A^>  at the place where people can get on

or off, for example the station * * &; * If H M: The bus is due in (= it should arrive) at six.

5 (of letters, etc. fj|.#^) received iBcl!j;

: Applications must be in by April 30. ^ if# m M H t 0 Zrn o 6 (of the TIDE m W) at or towards its highest point on land    * H rfii A: Is

the tide coming in or going out? 5ft*iff

7                  elected ^    : Several new councillors got in at the

last election.

8                  (in cricket, baseball, etc. #^#) if a team or

team member is in, they are batting   (in tennis,

etc. p«I^c^) if the ball is in, it has landed inside the line

( $c ) ^*#0: Her serve was just in.

*^*    fT»171 be in at sth to be present when sth

happens •••          They were in at the start,

Bt fMTMo be in for sth (informal) to be going to experience sth soon, especially sth unpleasant BP # ^ Vi, BP#if^ ( ) : He’s in for a shock! \m

* It ^ f'J M fw PlJ! o I’m afraid we’re in for a storm. * A fk f ll Wt % il MfAB 7 o be/get 'in on sth (informal) to be/become involved in sth; to share or know about sth 7 $$: I’d like to be in on the plan.

M it M o 0 Is she in on the secret? ife if & 7 # ® *4 ? be (well) 'in with sb (informal) to be (very) friendly with sb, and likely to get an advantage from the friendship m- (+#)&»( ) ,mand 'out

(of sth) going regularly to a place        He was in

and out of jail for most of his life. fibAA*MBt|0j|PJl:il&

mm% o

adj. [usually before noun] (informal) popular and fashion­able Miff P7          Purple is the in colour this spring.

^feJi4'¥*A^M;f7feo o Exotic pets are the in thing right now. ## 66 ^ ^ Bit F iS Bt i10 0 Short skirts are in again. fJft*XBtA$®^77c —see also in-joke

mnoun fTiTTl an in to sth = a way into sth at way n. have an in with sb (especially NAmE) to have influence with sb   A*12Ufa the ,ins and 'outs (of sth) all the

details, especially the complicated or difficult ones ( % BtS, #1#: the ins and outs of the problem        o He quickly learned the ins and

outs of the job.

in, abbr. (pi. in. or ins.) inch H*: Height: 6ft 2in. j^:

6^R2

in- prefix /in/ 1 (also il- /il/ im- /im/ ir- /ir/) (in adjectives, adverbs and nouns

not; the opposite of A; #; S. : infinite Jc PS 0