1036
in-cum-bency /m'kAmbansi/ noun (pi. -ies) (formal) an official position
or the time during which sb holds it M
\mtk-, am
incumbent /m'kAmbant/
noun, adj. noun a person who has an official position fZ
#; M H: the present incumbent of the White House MU
mm&m
m adj. 1 [only before noun] having an official
position & |R 63 ; M\i 63 : the incumbent
president M ii & M 2 ~ upon/on sb (format) necessary as part
of sb’s duties It was incumbent on them to attend.
incur /in'k3:(r)/ verb (-rr j [vn] (format) 1 if you incur sth
unpleasant, you are in a situation in which you have to deal with it jg ; if ^;
31 &: She had incurred the wrath of her father by marrying
without his consent M 2 if you incur costs,
you have to pay them 31
ISC, ( J&A. ) :
You risk incurring bank charges if you exceed your
overdraft limit.
^ J»0
in-curable /m'kjuarabl; NAmE -'kjur-/ adj. 1 that cannot be cured A
M
'ia M
63 : an
incurable disease/ illness A 2.
►
in-cur-ably /-abli/ adv.: incurably ill/romantic M A#
W;
incurious /m'kjuarias; NAmE -'kjur-/ adj. (formal) having no interest in
knowing or discovering things
AliA®63; A£?^63; ?tA^»fr63 ► incuriously adv.
in-cur-sion /in'k3:Jn; NAmE m'ksirsn/ noun ~ (into sth) (format) 1 a sudden attack on a
place by foreign armies, etc. & A ft; H
A 2 the sudden appear
ance of sth in a
particular area of activity that is either not expected or not wanted ( j§^h63
) dVA
IncL abbr. (BrE, politics $[) Independent: G Green (
t * g. (m&mmM>
in-daba /in'daiba/ noun (SAfrE) 1 a large meeting at
which politicians, professional people, etc. have discussions about an
important subject ( ) A
a national indaba on
land reform £ffl± 2 (informal) a difficulty or matter
that concerns you 63®5® ( ^V'tf ) ;
ISA; ttft:
I
don’t care what he does. That’s his indaba! fJcAAAftk
in debt ed /in'detid/ adj. 1 ~ (to sb) (for sth) (formal) grateful to sb for
helping you !BWl S3 ; 63 : I am
deeply indebted to my family
for all their help. $<, &Ji$&63!t 2 (of countries,
governments, etc. mM. owing money to other
countries or organizations jfiMM : a list of the
fifteen most heavily indebted nations +314^.^11:^63
0^-63 ►
in-debt-ed-ness noun [U]
in-decency /m’diisnsi/ noun (pi. -ies) 1 [u] behaviour that is
thought to be morally or sexually offensive A $rL 63 ft Xl; $115: an act of gross
indecency (= a sexual act that is a criminal offence) 7* Jt
<81M ( W ■: )' • 2 [C, usually
sing.] an indecent act, expression, etc. Ait®£35ft
^ >
in-decent /in’diisnt/ adj. 1 (of behaviour, talk,
etc. ft + s thought to be morally offensive,
especially
because it involves sex or
being naked A$i&3; it 63; 63: indecent conduct/photos A if 63 ft %;
Sf Wlff —
compare decent 2 (of clothes A
IS) showing parts of the body that are usually covered ji
the funeral with almost indecent
haste (=
too quickly).
► in-decent-ly adv.-.
He was charged with indecently assaulting five women.
in .decent assault noun [C, u] (law W) a sexual attack on sb
but one that does not include rape ) ;
mmmmxMi*
in,decent exposure noun [u] (law #) the crime of
showing your sexual organs to other people in a public place mmm* ( ¥ ) ;
*-»ft4fc63*lft in-de-cipher-able /.indi’saifrabl/ adj. (of writing or speech
A It W i«) impossible to read or understand
mmix (w
in-deci-sion /.mdi’s^n/ (also less frequent in-deci-sive- ness) noun [U] the state of being
unable to decide ft +;
it % % Wt : After a
moment’s indecision, he said yes. —compare
decision(2)
in deci sive /.mdi’saisrv/ adj. 1 (of a person A) unable
to make decisions 3c^®r^j63; f 63 : a weak
and indecisive man $^I§MB.A^:®t63A2 not providing a clear and definite answer
or result A if 63;
5163; 3c^S'l463: an indecisive battle $^^#63“Aft r*TJ3 decisive ►
in-deci-sive-ly adv. in-deci-sive-ness noun [U] = INDECISION
in-dec-or-ous /m’dekaras/ adj. (formal) (of behaviour ^ lh)
embarrassing or not socially acceptable 4^ A iS
63; A##63; Ail^63 in-deed /in-dird/ adv.
1
used to emphasize a
positive statement or answer ( iM#^63l^j£^c:g:S )
: ‘Was he very angry?’ ‘Indeed
he was.’ ” 0‘Do you
agree?’ ‘Indeed I do/Yes,
indeed.’
“ |W]H;®r ? ”
“ ^ ^
|f] M
7 o ” 0 ‘You said you’d help?’ ‘I did indeed—yes.’
”
“^635|i^jl Ji630
” Oltis
indeed a remarkable
achievement.
2
(especially BrE) used after very and an adjective or
adverb to emphasize a statement, description, etc. ( ^
=e very m^nmmzis,
ifo ■. Thank you
very much indeed! M 63 ^
itf ! <>
I was very sad indeed to hear of your father’s death. ofrM ^4AAAtft, 3 (formal, especially
BrE) used to add
information to a statement h : I don’t mind at
all. Indeed, I would be delighted to help. ft
4 (informal, especially BrE) used to show that you
are surprised at sth or that you find sth ridiculous (
) : A ghost indeed!
I’ve never heard anything so silly. JtJiJiLjfc!
^ 0 5 (informal) used when you are
repeating a ques
tion that sb has just
asked and showing that you do not know the answer ( l(SL;2t#63 ^ ) ; ‘Why
did he do it?’ ‘Why indeed?’ “ftkAff iifc? ”
“JiBf, ” D3EI see FRIEND
in defat igable /.indi'faetigabl/ adj. (formal, approving) never giving up or
getting tired of doing sth A li A 63 ; A7n 63 : an
indefatigable defender of human rights A33 A$S63 A$.$J1# ►
in-defat-ig-ably /.indi- ‘faetigabli/ adv.
in-defens-ible /.indi'fensabl/ adj. 1 that cannot be
defended or excused because it is morally unacceptable (iI^± )ARjltM, At&JKi$63: indefensible
behaviour ARl®i^63:h'^J ❖ The minister was
accused of defending the indefensible. A
63ft ^3 o 2 (of a place or building jfe impos
sible to defend from
military attack A3fe®rTp63 in-defin-able /.indi'fainabl/ adj. difficult or
impossible to define or explain 63;
A;}£lf#63: She has
that indefinable something
that makes an actress a star. MA^T^#^MM^^J0JM63mAih63#^o
►indefinably /-abli/ adv.
in-def-in-ite
/m'definat/
adj. 1 lasting for a period
of time that has no fixed end 3nRI$]&3; $]PSAae63: She will be away for the
indefinite future. M '■& ff — Wl 03 m,
ffiflA/Eo 2 not clearly defined ^*$At#63; AW
5$ 63 SlEI imprecise : an indefinite science ^ a£ A 63
. ^ .
indefinite 'article noun (grammar ifife) the
word a or an in English, or a
similar word in another language A^HisJ ( a
an ) —compare definite
ARTICLE