ndustrial re'lations noun [pi.] relations between employers and employees
the
Industrial Revo lution noun [sing] the period in the 18th and 19th centuries in
Europe and the US when machines began to be used to do work, and industry grew
rapidly likXX, Xik^ip' ( It 18 R 19
in dustrial-strength adj. (often humorous) very strong or powerful ® gfj 5(J ; ® ; UM X PX industrial-
strength coffee
in dustrial tribunal noun (BrE) a type of court that can decide on
disagreements between employees and employers
industrious /m'cLvstrias/ adj. (approving) working hard; busy §j
If (ft; EPTCl hardworking: an industrious student ► in-dus-
triously adv.
in dus try On/'mdastri/ noun {pi. -ies)
1 [U] the production of goods from raw
materials, especially in factories I ik ; X X rfrj in
: heavyAight industry Jr / $5Xik o the needs of British industry XikWirX 0 She got a job in industry. S.
^If^o
2 [C] the people and activities involved in producing a particular thing, or in
providing a particular service ^Jk: the steel industry #9f^ik 0 the catering/tourist, etc.
industry 0 We
need to develop local industries. icIHfrlcXIlifeXliko
0
(figurative) the Madonna industry (= the large number of
people involved in making Madonna successful) H ^ —see also captain of industry, cottage
INDUSTRY, HEAVY INDUSTRY,
sunset industry 3 [U] (formal) the quality of
working hard DjU; |fj^: We were impressed by their industry.
Indy
/'mdi/
(also Indy
racing, Jndycar /'indika:(r)/ 'Indy car racing) noun [U] motor racing
around a track which is raised at both sides Bp
w)
Indy-car
/'mdikai(r)/
noun a car used in Indy
racing Bp
inebriated /I'niibrieitid/
adj. {formal or humorous) drunk ► in-ebri-ation /i.niibri'eijn/ noun [U]
in ed ible /m'edabl/ adj. that you cannot eat
because it is of poor quality, or poisonous; not edible Xt&
in effable /m'efabl/ adj. (formal) too great or beautiful to describe in
words ( W^hu
: ineffable joy Jfe Iff#
in-ef-fect-ive /.im'fektiv/ adj. ~ (in doing sth) not achieving what you
want to achieve; not having any effect fc&MW; X^XX ; X#£kPiJ: The new drug was ineffective. 0 ineffective
management
HfJIXX
o The law proved ineffective in dealing with the problem. <> EBB
effective ►
in-ef-fective-nessnoun [U] in-ef-fect-ive-ly adv.
in-effec-tual /.mi'fektjual/ adj. (formal) without the ability to
achieve much; weak; not achieving what you want to ft Its (ft; tfcp W;
&XPJ @ W W: an ineffectual teacher 0 an ineffectual attempt to reform
the law ►
in-ef-fec-tu-al-ly
/-tjuali/ adv.
in-ef-fi-cient /.mi'fijnt/ adj. not doing a job well
and not making the best use of time, money, energy, etc. Xfg; &X fg A M M : an inefficient heating
system inefficient government ft
0
an extremely
inefficient secretary $£XlfclR(HJ
45 O inefficient
use of time and energy & E322
efficient ► in ef fi
ciency /-ansi/
noun [U, C] (pi. -ies): waste and inefficiency in
government X (ft 'M <>
inefficiencies
in the system j&Xiyjt X in ef fi cient ly adv.
in-ele-gant /in'eligant/
adj. not attractive or
elegant X XttHPlJ ESQ elegant ►
in-ele-gant-ly adv.
in eli gible /m'elid3abl/ adj. ~ (for sth/to do sth) not having the
necessary qualifications to have or to do
sthXn-j&lft; ineligible for financial
assistance o ineligible to vote ft%
PTJ3 eligible ► in eli gi
bil ity /in,elid3a'bilati/
noun [U]
in eluct able /.im'lAktabl/ adj. (formal) that you cannot avoid ft of M W EW?1 unavoidable ► in eluct ably
/-abli/
adv.
inept /I'nept/ adj. acting or done with no
skill 5&.3L&X
W ; ft i : She was left feeling
inept and
inadequate. MM 0 an inept remark
Jft-gf ►ineptlyadv.
in-epti-tude /i’neptitju:d; NAmE -tu:d/ noun [U] lack of skill ftfi&; the ineptitude of the police
in handling the
situation
in equal ity /.im'kwDlati; NAmE -'kwa:l-/ noun [U, C]
(pi. -ies) the unfair difference
between groups of people in society, when some have more wealth, status or
opportunities than others X X ; XX#;
X X
inequality of opportunity
#1 £ X
#J 0 economic
inequalities between different areas
XXMEfa]
X# 0 racial inequality #S£XX^f rann equality in-equit-able /m'ekwitabl/ adj. (formal) not fair; not the same
for everyone X^IEtft; X2rX#J Ftn unfair: inequitable distribution of wealth
M^^X^X^HK rran equitable
in-equity /in'ekwati/ noun [C,
U]
(pi. -ies) (formal) something that is
unfair; the state of being unfair X4HE; X£X EST71 injustice in-erad-ic-abie /.im'raedikabl/ adj. (formal) (of a quality or
situation bp if 31) that cannot
be removed or changed XX B&iW;
inert
/i'n3:t; NAmE i'n3irt/ adj. 1 (formal) without power to move
or act ftf£$.lit
A &};
ftfrfljj] fill: He lay inert with
half-closed eyes. MX# ir ^ II — ^ X-Stl
M1$ ir 0 2 (chemistry
\t) without active
chemical or other properties (= characteristics) 'Hfkfeftfj; X?Si£X i.nert ’gas noun (chemistry it) = noble gas in-er-tia /I'naija; NAmE -3irJa/ noun [U] 1 (usually disapproving) lack of energy; lack
of desire or ability to move or change I can’t seem to throw
off this feeling of inertia,
'gt 0 o the forces of
institutional inertia in the school system X 'K X ffr] 1^1 tf 2 (physics % a property (=
characteristic) of matter (= a
substance) by which it stays still or, if moving, continues moving in a
straight line unless it is acted on by a force outside itself 15M4 in er tial /i’n3:jl; NAmE i'n3:rjl/ adj. (technical X X) connected with or
caused by inertia i nertia reel noun a round device that
one end of a car seat belt is
wound around so that it will move freely unless it is pulled suddenly, for
example in an accident (
in-escap able /.mi'skeipabl/ adj. (of a fact or a
situation that you cannot avoid or ignore XXHI^k W;
iiiSXT^J; H771 unavoidable: an
inescapable fact X
X iS Pil fill ^ o This leads to the inescapable conclusion
that the two things are connected.
►inescapably /-abli/ adv.
in-es-sen-tial /.im'senjl/ adj. not necessary X 0 Wt W
; inessential luxuries X
IS W ^ X
► in-es-sen-tial noun
: Few people had spare cash for inessentials, f
— compare essential
adj.( 1), non-essential in-estim-able /in'estimabl/ adj. (formal) too great to calculate
( XX ) XkiXSW, The infor
mation he provided was of
inestimable value,
in ev it able /m-evitabl/ adj.
1 that you cannot avoid or prevent XXi§l^k&iJ;
XtilX it K3771
unavoidable : It was an inevitable
consequence of the decision. $5 M &X & aE- ^1 •& Is M o OH was inevitable that there would be job losses. ifeX BX XXo A rise in the interest rates seems inevitable.
^fiJX^XXXXMlfto 2 [only
before noun] (often humorous) so frequent that you
always expect it If the English and their