initialize

1050

ini tial ize (BrE also -ise) /I'mjalaiz/ verb [VN] (computing if) to make a computer program or system ready for use or format a disk JM0L ) ;

MB; 1# ^ ft ( 5$ # ) ► ini-tializa-tion, -isation /i.mjalai'zeijn; NAmE -la'z-/ noun [U] initially <H* /I'mjali/ adv. at the beginning Jf ^ ; ft ; & %J: Initially, the system worked well o The death

toll was initially reported at around 250, but was later revised to 300. 250, famih 300_o

ini ti ate verb, noun

a verb /I'mjieit/ [VN] 1 (formal) to make sth begin JF£q;

S3 ; 6'] $p H771 set in motion : to initiate legal proceedings against sb 0 The government

has initiated a programme of economic reform, BJF 2 ~ sb (into sth) to explain sth to sb and/or make them experience it for the first time 7I¥; ffc-’-JFMany of them had been

initiated into drug use at an early age. fiktf

<, 3 ~ sb (into sth) to make sb a member of a particular group, especially as part of a secret ceremony ( ) {£inA,

Hundreds are initiated into the sect each year. #

n noun /I'nijiat/ a person who has been allowed to join a particular group, organization, or religion and is learning its rules and secrets friPA^^BiR ( £

m.) WA; KfA4WA

ini ti ation /i.mji'eijn/ noun [U] 1 - (into sth) the act of sb becoming a member of a group, often with a special ceremony; the act of introducing sb to an activity or skill ( ) A4; fnmAtOtt*ISS&

( ft z£ ) : cm initiation ceremony A 4 4% ft 0 her initiation into the world of marketing MW Al # 2 (formal) the act of starting sth ft]

the initiation of criminal proceedings initiative On /r'mjativ/ noun 1 [C] a new plan for dealing with a particular problem or for achieving a particular purpose fii^; ^; a United Nations peace initiative |£4SWfn-¥-fIi£ 0 cl government initiative to combat unemployment lEfcJff JE&ft 2 [U] the ability to decide and act on your own without waiting for sb to tell you what to do ± ij] #; fR M '|4; if "R : You won't get much help. You'll have to use your initiative. 17 A 41# M^ 7 A? fft Wo IUSBI^S. o She did it on her own initiative (= without anyone telling her to do it).

Wo 3 the initiative [sing.] the power or opportunity to act and gain an advantage before other people do A^J IH^WtbZj ( ft#l4 ) ; to seizeAose the

initiative #go /t was up to the US to take the initiative in repairing relations. TffiiSZi

4 [C] (NAmE, law #) (in some states of the US) a process by which ordinary people can suggest a new law by signing a petition ( W )

ini ti ator /I'mjieita^)/ noun (formal) the person who starts sth £&A; ftJMA

inject /m'd3ekt/ verb [VN] 1 ~ sth (into yourself/sb/sth) | ~ yourself/sb/sth (with sth) to put a drug or other substance into a person’s or an animal’s body using a syringe ( *£••• ) ) : Adrenalin was

injected into the muscle. 0

She has been injecting herself with insulin since the age of i6. m/a i6 2 ~ a (into b) i

~ B (with A) to put a liquid into sth using a syringe or similar instrument (!£••• ) &tt ( ft# ) : Chemicals are injected into the fruit to reduce decay. 7jC|lt£A74fc o The fruit is injected with chemicals to reduce decay. A7IAWMPf'o 3 ~ sth

(into sth) to add a particular quality to sth ( tfr Jfjd, f¹^ in ( ® qp M ) : His comments injected a note of humour into the proceedings. ffeW2£

4 ~ sth (into sth) to give money to an organization, a project, etc. so that it can function ( ^n - ) SA ( ) : They are refusing to inject any

more capital into the industry. A

in jec tion /in'd3ekjn/ noun 1 [C, U] an act of injecting sb with a drug or other substance & : to give sb an

injection Ip ^ A tS ft o He was treated with penicillin injections. Iifeil:7f f Iftlto o An anaesthetic was administered by injection. jftftij B lilt A# iA ₀ 0 daily

injections of insulin —picture o page

R26 2 [C] a large sum of money that is spent to help improve a situation, business, etc. iWSA:

The theatre faces closure unless it gets an urgent cash injection. $JStffil[§# ffl£8, Bfc#Wftft£$fc&SK£&Ao 3 [U, C] an act of forcing liquid into sth ( ft# ) i±A, “ft A: a fuel injection system Mft ?±A^B injection moulding (BrE) (NAmE injection molding) noun [U] (technical fti£) a way of shaping plastic or rubber by heating it and pouring it into a mould

( M Jl$ ) It ft ft H ► injection-'moulded (NAmE injection- molded) adj.

'in-joke noun a joke that is only understood by a particular group of people ffl7MW^i£; in ju di cious /.mdsu'dijas/ adj. (formal) not sensible or wise; not appropriate in a particular situation A 91 H W; A ^ W HIM unwise : an injudicious remark A ^ W Wilt Pna judicious ► in ju di cious ly adv.

Injun /'ind30n/ noun (US, taboo, slang) an offensive word for a Native American (

in junc tion /in'd3Ar)kJn/ noun 1 ~ (against sb) an official order given by a court which demands that sth must or must not be done ( |&|^iW ) 3Sr|!J4, 3&fli!J4: to seek/obtain an injunction it A/#!!] 38 $14“ 6 ^T^^e court granted an injunction against the defendants.

— compare restraining order 2 (formal) a warning or an order from sb in authority Wo-; #4

injure 0-w /'md3a{r)/ verb [VN]

1 to harm yourself or sb else physically, especially in an accident ( He injured

his knee playing hockey, fife FT ft fg 3$ 9$ 0 M g jfi „ 0 Three people were killed and five injured in the crash. ]f.

AA^^o 2 to damage sb’s reputation, pride, etc. MW,

This could seriously injure the company’s reputation. & 4rSMWA^W^#o injured (Hr /'md3ad; NAmE -d30rd/ adj.

1 physically hurt; having an injury 'gf^jW; W: an

injured leg ^^WJH o Luckily, she isn’t injured. fiW Ji, 0 Carter is playing in place of the injured

O'Reilly. EH3 unin

jured 2 the injured noun [pi.] the people injured in an accident, a battle, etc. f ft W A; ^ M ^ : Ambulances took the injured to a nearby hospital.

MEl^o 3 (of a person or their feelings A ft Hi '(f) upset or offended because sth unfair has been done H13 W; f!! % W W: an injured look/

tone HH W#7 / i«i^ o injured pride 'gj^W S M-'k the .injured 'party noun [sing.] (especially law W) the person who has been treated unfairly, or the person who claims in court to have been treated unfairly W ^ A;

in juri-ous /m'd3U8ri0s; NAmE -'d3ur-/ adj. ~ (to sb/sth) (formal) causing or likely to cause harm or damage jfr ftjftWW; AWW BOZI DAMAGING injury 0"w /'ind30ri/ noun (pi. -ies)

- (to sb/sth) 1 [C, U] harm done to a person’s or an animal’s body, for example in an accident (

W ) f$5W, MIA serious injury/injuries WA'h o minor injuries l&ifj 0 to sustain injuries/an injury Atifi 0 to escape injury ||ft|o injury to the head 0

a head injury 0 Two players are out of the team

because of injury. M^PAM®^iiLh7tkHo 0 There were no injuries in the crash (= no people injured), ffi O (BrE, informal) Don’t do that. You’ll do yourself an injury (= hurt yourself). %\]0P$M$_o # 4fESB#^/$jW₀ c> vocabulary notes on page R25

2 [U] (especially law W) damage to a person’s feelings

( W ) ftW, Damages may be awarded for