r-reso-lute /I'rezalurt/ adj. (formal) not able to decide what to do* 踏的；犹豫不决的 riTin resolute ► ir- reso-lute*ly adv. ir*reso*lu*tion /i.reze'lurj'n/ noun [U] ir-re-spect-ive of /iri'spektiv av/ prep, without con- sidering sth or being influenced by it 不考虑;■'不管不 受…影响 HlTl regardless of ： Everyone is treated equaHy，irrespective 〇/ race•不分种族，每个人都受到公 平对待。◊ rhe weefcZy rent is the same irrespective 〇/ whether there are three or four occupants.

四个人住，周租金不变。

irresponsible /.iri'spDnsabl; NAmE -'spa:n-/ adj. {disapproving) (of a person A) not thinking enough about the effects of what they do; not showing a feeling of responsibility不负责任的；无责任感的：an irresponsible teenager W ^ ft W ^ # 〇 an irre- sponsibZe attitude 不’長 # 任 态古◊ ft wouW be frrespoiwiWe to ignore the situation•对这一状况不闻不 ■'问，那就是不负责任。PT33 RESPONSIBLE ► ir-re-spon- si-bil-ity /.iri.spDnsa'bdati; NAmE -.spainsa-/ noun [U] ir«re*spon-sibly /-abli/ adv.

ir-re-triev-able /.iri'trirvabl/ adj. (formal) that you can never make right or get back不可纠正的；■无法也回的： an frretrievab〖e situation 无法挽回'的局面◊ the frretrievaWe breakdown 〇/the marriage 无法挽救的婚姻 破裂◊ TTie money already paid is irretrievabie.已经支付 是无法收回的。Plin retrievable ► ir.rie.triev.ably /-abli/ adv. ： Some of our old traditions are irretrievably tost.我们的一些老传统已经失传，无法追溯。 ir-rev-er-ent /I'revarant/ adj. (usually approving) not showing respect to sb/sth that other people usually respect不敬的;不恭的：irreverent wit美礼的俏皮话◊ an irreverent attitude to traditiori 不把传统放在眼里的态 度► ir.rev.er.ence /-9ns/ now/? [U】ir.rev.er.ent.ly adv. ir.re.vers.ible /_iri_v3:sabl; NAmE -'V3：rs-/ adj. that cannot be changed back to what it was before 无法复原 (或挽回）的；不能倒转的：an irreversiWe change/ dedine/decisicm不可逆转的变化；不能挽救的衰落；不可 撤回的决定◊ irreversible brain damage (= that will not improve)无法治愈的脑损伤 RT-I3 reversible ► ir-re- vers-ibly /-abli/ adv.

irrev-oc*able /I'revakabl/ adj. {formal) that cannot be changed无法魬变的；未可更魬的PCT71 final： an frrevocabie decision/step 最后的决定 /-#>*if-rev*oc- ably /-abli/ adv. ： irrevocably committed 义无反顾地献身 ir-ri-gate /'irigeit/ verb [VN] 1 to supply water to an area of land through pipes or channels so that crops will grow灌溉：irrigatecikmft/crops经过灌慨的土地/农作 物 2 (wej/cfl/ 医）to wash out a wound or part of the body with a flow of water or liquid 冲洗（伤.口或身 体部位）► ir.ri.ga.tion Airi’geijn/ /?owr? [U]: irrigation c/umnek灌溉渠

ir*rit*able /'iritabl/ adj. getting annoyed easily; showing your anger 易怒命；暴躁的 H1!?! bad-tempered： to tired andfrritaWe # 累烦躁◊ cm irritabie ‘gesture' 急 躁的姿势►ir.rit.abiMty 入irite_bilati/ noun [L〇 ir.rit.ably /-abli/ adv.

irritable 'bowel syndrome /iown [u] a condition of the bowels that causes pain and diarrhoea or constipation, often caused by stress or anxiety 肠易

激综合征，过敏性肠综合征常由紧张或焦虑引起，表现 为腹痛、腹泻或便秘）

ir-ri-tant /'intent/ noun 1 (technical 7|t i§) a substance that makes part of your body sore 刺激物 2 something that makes, you annoyed, or causes trouble 令:人烦恼 的事物；造k麻烦的i1 物►ir.ri.tant flt// [usually before noun]: irritant substances 剌激性物质 ir.fi.tate 〇■»      verb [VN}

1                  to annoy sb, especially by sdi you continuously do or by sth that continuously happens 使烦恼I尤指不断重 复的事情■) : The way she puts on that accent really irritates me.她故意操那种口音的样子实在令我恼火。

2                  to make your skin or a part of your body sore or painful 刺激（皮肤或身体部f立）：Some drugs can irri- tate the. Hning 〇/ the stomach.有些药物会刺激胃_内壁。

► ir-ri-tat-ing adj. ： I found her extremely irritating, 得她极其令人恼火。◊ an irritoring habit恼人的习惯◊ an irritating cough/rash 令人痛苦的咳嗽/ 皮疼1»1.|1相1- ing-ly adv. irri.ta.tion Airi'teijn/ /7〇w/i [U，cj: He noted,

| 1081    ism

with some irritation, that the letter had not been sent. 他指出那封信还没有发出去，有点生气的样子。◊ a sfcin ^ritation皮肤发炎 irri-tated /'iriteitid/ adj.

〜（at/by/with sth) annoyed or angry 烦恼；恼怒：She was getting more and more irritated at his comments. 她对他的评论越来越感到恼火。 ir-rupt /I'rApt/ verb [V +adv./prep.] {formal) to enter or appear somewhere suddenly and with a lot of force 闯 乂；'突然冲进；爆发.：仍oZence once again irrupted into t/iefrpeace_/iUHives.他们平静的生活中再度爆发了暴力冲 突。► ir.rup.tion /I’rApJn/ ziown [U'rCl ■RS /,ai a:r .es/ Internal Revenue Service 国内税务 署；国税局

■s* fl仙r. (especially on maps) Island(s); Isle(s)』（尤用于 地图）岛，群岛 IS /.IZ/ O BE

ISA /,ai es 'ei/ abbr. Industry Standard Architecture (the usual international system used for connecting com­puters and other devices) 工业标准体系结构 《计算机等 设备通常采用的国际接口系统）

ISBN l,ai es bi: 'en/ noun the abbreviation for Inter­national Standard Book Number5 (a number that identi- fies an individual book and its publisher) ■国、际标准图 书编号（全写为 International Standard Book Number,.用 于识别图书及其出版商.）

is.chae.mia {NAmE ischemia /I'skiimia/) noun [u] {medical 1£) the situation when the supply of blood to an organ or part of the body, especially the heart muscles, is less than is needed 喊血（尤指心肌缺血） ISDN /,ai es di: 'en/ abbr. integrated services digital network (a system for carrying sound signals, images, etc. along wires at high speed)综合业务数字 ISDN 网（高速传送声音信号、图像等的系统）：anJSIW Jntemet connection * ISDN 互联网连接 -ise o -ize

ish /ij/ adv. {BrE, informal) used after a statement to make it less definite (用于陈述句之后，以缓和语气> : Pve. finished.':Ish. I still, need to make.:tke<sauce，我做好 了。没有，我得调些酱料。

-ish 〇■« sw///x (in adjectives 构成形容词）

1 from the country mentioned …国家的:■ Turkish 土耳 其的◊ Msh 爱尔兰的 2 (sometimes £//_5fl/?prav/>7g) having the nature of; like看…性质的；像…似知chiZdish孩 子气的3 fairly; approximately肴点…的；近乎…的： redcfch略呈红色尚◊ thfrtyish三十左右’►-ishly (in adverbs构成副词)：/ooZishZy傻里傻气地 Islam /'izlaim; iz'laim/ noun [u] 1 the Muslim religion, based on belief in one God and revealed through Muhammad as the Prophet of Allah 伊斯兰教；2 all Muslims and Muslim countries in the world (统称 ') 伊斯兰教徒，伊斯兰教国家►丨s.丨am.ic /izlaemik;

: Is〖amic 〖aw伊斯兰_戒律

ls-lam-ist /'izlsmist/ noun a person who believes strongly in the teachings of Islam 伊斯兰教徒► Is.丨am- ism /'izlamizam/ noun [U] is-land tHt /'ailand/ noun

1 (abbr. I, I., Is.) a piece of land that is completely surrounded by water ^ ： We spent a week on the Greek iskmdo/Kos.我们在希腊的科斯岛上持了一个星期。◊ a remote island 〇# the coast o/Scortand — 个远离苏格兰 海岸的岛一see also desert island 2 (8r£) = traffic

ISLAND

is-land-er /'ailanda^)/ noun a person who lives on an island^ especially a small one 麁上痦'良，.岛良（尤指小

岛上的）

'island-hopping noun [U] the activity of travelling from one island to another in an area that has lots of islands, especially as a tourist逐岛旅行；逐岛旅游 isle /ail/ noun {abbr. \, \., is.) used especially in poetry and names to mean ‘island’（常用于诗歌和名称中 > 岛： the Isie o/Sfcye 斯凯岛々the British Mes 卖伦列岛 isSet /’aifet/ now/i a very small island 很小的岛；小岛 ism /'izam/ noun (usually disapproving) used to refer to a set of ideas or system of beliefs or behaviour 主义;厂学