rnmn# (7; «; &%,m: m]His

remark jolted her into action.

®Ao o a method of jolting the economy out of recession [also VN-ADJ]

mnoun [usually sing.] 1 a sudden rough movement MM; Mifa; ® H Mi jerk: The plane landed with a jolt.

2 a sudden strong feeling, especially of shock or surprise   ( Ate ft

) : a jolt of dismay —pfcifrtfc

Joneses /'d3aunziz; NAmE 'd3oun-/ noun [pi.] ff>m ,keep up with the 'Joneses (informal, often disapproving) to try to have all the possessions and social achievements that your friends and neighbours have ( T/JIU

) mtt, fcgw, ttm,

josh /d3Dj; NAmE d^aij/ verb [V, VN, V speech] (informal) to gently make fun of sb or talk to them in a joking way 5®# HZ3 tease

joss stick /‘d3Dstik; NAmE 'd3a:s-/ noun a thin wooden stick covered with a substance that burns slowly and produces a sweet smell (   ) #

jostle /'d3Dsl; NAmE 'd3a:sl/ verb to push roughly against sb in a crowd (     ) ft, j£, IS, ft:

[VN] The visiting president was jostled by angry demon­strators.  o[v]

People were jostling, arguing and complaining. AClfitt ftft,       o       ‘jostle for sth to compete

strongly and with force with other people for sth t?;   : People in the crowd were jostling for the best

positions.

jot /d3Dt; NAmE d3a:t/ verb, noun

m verb (-tt-) IJIlilfl jot sth—1 down to write sth quickly ^ J^iET; ^J^JiET: TU just jot down the address for you.

m noun [sing.] not a/one jot used to mean ‘not even a small amount’ when you are emphasizing a negative statement —       ( X ) ; M3S ( X ) : There’s not a jot of

truth in what he says (= none at all).       ^Ll^iSo

jotter /‘d3Dt0(r); NAmE ‘d3a:t-/ noun (BrE) 1 a small book used for writing notes in fig % ft ; j*g A ft ; iE ¥ ft 2 (Scoff) an exercise book >J ft; ^ q A jot-tings /’d3Dtir)z; A/Amf ‘d3a:t-/ noun [pi ] short notes that are written down quickly ^ joule /d3u:l/ noun [abbr. J) {physics ft) a unit of energy or work^^(tl*«^#-fi)

journal /‘d33:nl; NAmE ‘d33:ml/ noun 1 a newspaper or magazine that deals with a particular subject or profes­sion ( £ ¥ *4 ft 1r 4k M ) m ® , ftft,     : a

scientific/trade journal f4 ^ / fa ik ^     0 the British

Medical Journal          2 used in the title of

some newspapers ( ) -jt: the Wall Street

Journal      0 3a written record of the things

you do, see, etc. every day 0 M ; 0 iE : He kept a journal of his travels across Asia. g          iE

^T A T o — compare diary(2) journalese /,d33:na'li:z; NAmE ,d33:rn-/ noun [U] (usually disapproving) a style of language that is thought to be typical of that used in newspapers §f M i #; Iff

M^£i$

journal-ism /'d33:nalizam; NAmE 'd33:rn-/ noun [u] the work of collecting and writing news stories for newspapers, magazines, radio or television §f M ik; Hr

^ Imx#

jour nal ist 0-w /'d33:nalist; NAmE'd33:rn-/ noun a person whose job is to collect and write news stories for newspapers, magazines, radio or television if PH iE #; Hr M X# # — compare reporter jour-nal-is-tic /,d33:na'listik; NAmE ,d33:rn-/ adj. [usually before noun] connected with the work of a journalist Hr Milk#}; Iff MX# (#)#): journalistic skills Dr MX# fti5 0 his journalistic background fife#jHrMX##:!: Journey 0-w /'d33ini; NAmE'd33:mi/ noun, verb m noun an act of travelling from one place to another, especially when they are far apart ( ) fit ft,

ftfi: They went on a long train journey across India. n     o (BrE) Did you

have a good journey? # - 8& ll® fij     ? O on the

outward/retum journey £ £B / ill 0  # 0 (BrE) We

broke our journey (= stopped for a short time) in

Madrid. am+*4liM#TieW«lfSte. o (Brf) Don’t use the car for short journeys, fe ^ fit ft Wt S'J JF X 0 0 (Brf) /t’s a day’s journey by car. Jf # #J i# ® A» 0 (Brf) I’m afraid you’ve had a wasted journey (= you cannot do what you have come to do). AX®, S6|rio 0 (BrE, informal) Bye! Safe journey! (= used when sb is beginning a journey) ^ JaL !      ‘ J&X A ! 0

(figurative) The book describes a spiritual journey from despair to happiness.         A#l7'3S

o note at trip

verb [V, usually +adv./prep.] (formal or literary) to travel, especially a long distance ( X4a j£ Ik ) fit ff : They journeyed for seven long months. IM1#7 fifcfto

journey man /‘d33:niman; NAmE ‘d33:rn-/ noun (pi. -men /-man/) 1 (in the past) a person who was trained to do a particular job and who then worked for sb else ( \BH ) 4^l£$]$t#JXE, ttlllrpW^^X 2 a person who has training and experience in a job but who is only average at it #M&X;

journo /‘d33:nau; NAmE ’d33:rnoo/ (pi. -os) noun (BrE, slang) a journalist Iff Mid#; Hr M X## joust /d3aust/ verb [V] 1 to fight on horses using a long stick (= a lance) to try to knock the other person off their horse, especially as part of a formal contest in the

past (             

tfcjdc 2 (formal) to argue with sb, especially as part of a formal or public debate (

►joust noun

Jove /d3auv; NAmE d30uv/ noun fT»T?l by ‘Jove (old-fashioned, informal, especially BrE) used to express surprise or to emphasize a statement (

) m,

jo-vial /'d3auvial; NAmE 'd30u-/ adj. very cheerful and friendly ft 9k Wft M; A4FW ► jovi-al-ity /,d3auvi- 'aelati; NAmE ,d30u-/ noun [U] jo-yial-ly /-iali/ adv. jowl /d3aul/ noun [usually pi.] the lower part of sb’s cheek when it is fat and hangs down below their chin )R.T E; Tf®H|£|: cl man with heavy jowls TElf -lt^l IT»m see cheek n. joy 0-w /d3Di/ noun

1 [u] a feeling of great happiness A ; Hi ft; IXft HT1 delight : the sheer joy of being with her again Xj o to dance for/with joy

^S|| A 0 I didn’t expect them to jump for joy at the news (= to be very pleased).  (MM

7® A0 0 To his great joy, she accepted.

o note at pleasure 2 [C] a person or thing that causes you to feel very happy ^Ai^A A (  ) ; &HF; A®: the joys of fatherhood

M A® 0 The game was a joy to watch. tt^#® #'l>o    3 [U] (BrE, informal) (in questions and negative

sentences ff!X£$M  success or satisfaction ft;

t)j ;  ffli JS.: We complained about our rooms but

got no joy from the manager.

0 ‘Any joy at the shops?’ ‘No, they didn’t have what I wanted.’    ” “^7f.

IT»m full of the joys of spring very cheerful ft jg R 7 ; A^ltft; IS tS. ft ft — more at

PRIDE n.

joy-ful /‘d30ifl/ adj. very happy; causing people to be happy its AM; ftA#J; Aftft^J o note at happy ► joy-ful-ly /-fali/ adv. joy-ful-ness noun [u] joy-less /‘d30ilas/ adj. (formal) bringing no happiness; without joy r£X‘ A ^; XftfSEW: a joyless childhood

joy ous /'d33ias/ adj. (literary) very happy; causing people to be happy A#J; ftAM; ^Aftft^l BSC1 joyful : joyous laughter ft A       ► joy-ous-ly adv.

joy-pad /'d30ipaed/ noun a device used with some computer games, with buttons that you use to move images on the screen ( t&JSISMftM-)

joy-rid ing /'d30iraidir)/ noun [U] the crime of stealing a car and driving it for pleasure, usually in a fast and