joystick

1098 I

dangerous way ft #i A M

) ; JfjfcAf ( ip ) ►joy ride noun joy-rider noun joy-stick /‘d3Distik/ noun 1 a stick with a handle used with some computer games to move images on the screen ( * 1» W ) » # fr ,   & M ft

2 (informal) a stick with a handle in an aircraft that is used to control direction or height ( ItfJlIfj )

JP /,d3ei 'pi:/ abbr. Justice of the Peace: Helen Alvey JP'Mffc • K7£ift£ft'g

JPEG /'d3eipeg/ noun (computing if) 1 [U] technology which reduces the size of files that contain images (= the abbreviation for ‘Joint Photographic Experts

croup’) * jpeg (wntmmm) urn,

( 4^ A Joint Photographic Experts Group ) : JPEG files * JPEG ~Xi$ 2 [C] an image created using this tech­nology * JPEG [H \$.: You can download the pictures as JPEGs, ft ftlAft JPEG

Jr (also Jnr) (both BrE) (also Jr. NAmE, BrE) abbr. Junior — compare Sr

jua kali /,d3ua 'kaeli/ noun [U] (in Kenya) the informal jobs that people do to earn money, for example making useful things from old metal and wood (        ) MM.

XX, /Jvf-I: the jua kali sector XX Aik ju bi lant /'d3u:bil0nt/ adj. feeling or showing great happiness because of a success #%,## (ft; JXKXM.M $J;   ►ju-bi-lant-ly adv.

jubi la tion /,d3u:bTleiJn/ noun [U] a feeling of great happiness because of a success        /Alt; /Aft

ju bi lee /'d3u:bili:/ noun a special anniversary of an event, especially one that took place 25 or 50 years ago; the celebrations connected with it ( Xtfa 25 fflX j£50ffi¥.M )         Aft, ft ftftlft — see

alSO DIAMOND JUBILEE, GOLDEN JUBILEE, SILVER JUBILEE

Ju-da-ism /‘d3u:denzam; NAmE -daizam/ noun [U] the religion of the Jewish people, based mainly on the Bible (= the Christian Old Testament) and the Talmud A Ifc ► Ju-da-ic /d3u:'denk/ adj. [only before noun]: Judaic tradition

Judas /‘d3u:d9s/ noun a person who treats a friend badly by not being loyal 3ft A; ft ^1$ A W A; XlVe. ETTC1 TRAITOR

jud-der /’d3Ad0(r)/ verb [V] to shake violently (          )

ft , M.WI: He slammed on the brakes and the car juddered to a halt.

# XMo

judge 0-w /d3Ad3/ noun, verb m noun

►                 IN COURT ft M 1 a person in a court who has the

authority to decide how criminals should be punished or to make legal decisions ft IT;     : a High Court

judge i^ftl^ft'g’ 0 a federal judge P^ftl&ft'i' o The case comes before Judge Cooper next week.

ft # Jfi ft M 0         0 The judge sentenced him to five

years in prison. ft1IAiJftlLfti£^0 — compare Justice of the Peace, magistrate

►                 IN COMPETITION |rfr 2 a person who decides who has

won a competition All M; iff'J M; the panel of judges at the flower show        0 The judges’ decision is

final. mmv&'kMinwi.

►                 SB WHO GIVES OPINION A 3 [usually sing.] a person

who has the necessary knowledge or skills to give their opinion about the value or quality of sb/sth ii-*£A; ^ HtM\ She’s a good judge of character, tt ®     M jMX

O ‘Em not sure that’s a good way to do it.’ ‘Let me be the judge of that.’ “        7        A A7 ”

mverb

►                 FORM OPINION fij$r 1 to form an opinion about sb/sth, based on the information you have f ijBjlf; WiX] iAA:

[V] As far as I can judge, all of them are to blame. $c 1r, ft fn          Dt ii o 0 Judging by her last letter,

they are having a wonderful time. ftftiiftfgfr, fttflftt

o To judge from what he said, he was very disappointed.    , ft^#AM0 b [VN] Schools

should not be judged only on exam results.        TEX

o O Each painting must be judged

on its own merits.

if fi] „  0 [VN-N, VN to inf] The tour was judged a great

success.    ftMftMiAAJift^ft^o b The tour was

judged to have been a great success. & ft 0 $C ft ® iA A J§ A ft Ef) 0 o [VN-ADJ] They judged it wise to say nothing. ft{niAA7i.ftAft!>o [also v that, VN that, V wh-]

►                 ESTIMATE ft if 2 to guess the size, amount, etc. of sth

ft it,    $J ( Aft, ft II# ) : [V wh-] It’s difficult to

judge how long the journey will take. iM/tftifj&ftMfr

0 [VN to inf] I judged him to be about 50. UcftiHtmS* 50 ££0

►                 IN COMPETITION 3 to decide the result of a compe­

tition; to be the judge in a competition |£fij; if fij; £H if f iJ: [VN] She was asked to judge the essay competi­tion.    taisov]

►                 GIVE OPINION if iff 4 to give your opinion about sb,

especially when you disapprove of them if iff;       ;

{ %fu ) ittif, h[VN] What gives you the right to judge other people? if ff ft A $ f >J At £•] A if ft ife A ? [also V]

►                 IN COURT -/AH 5 to decide whether sb is guilty or inno­cent in a court if’ f ij; ifM; fijft: [VN] to judge a case ^ 51S it <> [VN-ADJ] to judge sb guilty/not guilty fij^ A

IM?1 don’t judge a .book by Its cover (saying) used to say that you should not form an opinion about sb/sth from their appearance only ^?J liUft ft A; RA

judge ment 0"w (also judg-ment especially in NAmE) /'d3Ad3mant/ noun

1 [U] the ability to make sensible decisions after carefully considering the best thing to do fiJIfr A; iRR1! A: good/poor/sound judgement f ij $r A US / M; lEfil f ij        A b She showed a lack of judgement when she

gave Mark the job.

A o O It’s not something I can give you rules for; you’ll have to use your judgement.          7,

if #35 ft d B if Jf ij A o o He achieved his aim more by luck than judgement.

H f ij $fr A o b The accident was caused by an error of judgement on the part of the pilot.   if Mf'J

A ^ #r SSt o 2 [C, U] ~ (of/about/on sth) an opinion that you form about sth after thinking about it carefully; the act of making this opinion known to others Aft; .#JaL; if i/h He refused to make a judge­ment about the situation. iJfeft^fe/t^^ffftif^o 0 Who am I to pass judgement on her behaviour? (= to criticize it)    o I’d

like to reserve judgement until I see the report, fulfil 3\ ft oft # A A If JaL 0 It was, in her judgement, the wrong thing to do. &MAA,      c 0

I did it against my better judgement (= although I thought it was perhaps the wrong thing to do).

3 (usually judgment) [C, U] the decision of a court or a judge f ijft; $cft: a judgment from the European Court of Justice 0; ft      fij ft b The

judgment will be given tomorrow.         b

The court has yet to pass judgment (= say what its deci­sion is) in this case.  W#7ftEfUftc 4 [C, usually

sing.] ~ (on sth) {formal) something bad that happens to sb that is thought to be a punishment from God jfUS; AH; ( AitZ^A^J ) IMTCI see sit

judge-mental (BrE) (also judg-ment-al NAmE, BrE) /d3Ad3’mentl/ adj. 1 (disapproving) judging people and criticizing them too quickly ^j$LifAi££#J;

AM 2 (formal) connected with the process of judging things fij Hfr ; $ ft f) ; I^J ft ifj : the judgemental process fiJHfrMli

Judgement call noun (informal) a decision you have to make where there is no clear rule about what the right thing to do is, so that you have to use your own judge­ment Iff jffiJirAff ft^Jft^

Judgement Day (also the .Day of Judgement, the .Last ’Judgement) noun the day at the end of the world when, according to some religions, God will judge everyone who has ever lived (

Itt ) gftlrfiJB, t#AB