/'niidnt/) [BrE) ~ (not) do sth | - (not) have done sth

used to state that sth is/was not necessary or that only very little is/was necessary; used to ask if sth is/was necessary (     ) i&W: You

needn’t finish that work today, jfc X    fi \$L % M I

ff0 0 You needn’t have hurried (= it was not necessary for you to hurry, but you did).     o

I need hardly tell you (= you must already know) that the work is dangerous.

0 If she wants anything, she need only ask. Mi® left X H, R ^ Jf — T P Sftfr 7 o 0 All you need bring are sheets.        0 Need you have paid so

much?         £> note at modal

GRAMMAR POINT

need

                  In BrE there are two separate verbs need. lE^blllH

needD

                  Need as a main verb has the question form do you need?, the negative you don’t need and the past forms needed, did you need? and didn’t need. It

has two meanings. * need

do you need?,         you don’t need, MiBf ^

needed, did you need? ffl didn’t needQ 1. to require something or to think that something is necessary     WSM: Do you need any

help?     ? o / needed to get some sleep.

ftWWM        2. to have to or to be obliged to

do sth            Will we need to show our

passports? Ifcjn i   M ^ ?

                  Need as a modal verb has need for all forms of the

present tense, need you? as the question form and need not (needn’t) as the negative. The past is need have, needn’t have. It is used to say that something is or is not necessary. * need ffff   , M&H

i&ljf need, It I p] 5^3 need you?,          need not

, (needn’t), MiWX need have, needn’t have, #jl/l : Need I pay the whole amount now?   ?

                  In NAmE only the main verb is used. This leads to some important differences in the use and meaning of need in British and American English. /EjfcH^ilf *, needfXfti^ia], ft need

                  In NAmE it is more common for need to be used to

speak about what is necessary, rather than about what you must do.   need

If, M#(Kff: / don’t need to go home yetit’s still early. [BrE and NAmE = it isn’t necessary)

) 0 You don’t need to go home yetwe never go to bed before midnight. [BrE = you don’t have to)

)

                  The difference is even more noticeable in the past

tenses.          JoL: He didn’t need to go

to hospital, but he went just to reassure himself.

(NAmE)im^£&M, iTRJtmtiJSft'L''

) o He needn’t have gone to hospital, but he went just to reassure himself. [BrE = he did something that wasn’t necessary)

) o He didn’t need to

go to hospital after all—he only had a few bruises.

[BrE = he didn’t go)

“MM*” )

noun 1 [sing., U] ~ (for sth) | - (for sb/sth) to do sth a

situation when sth is necessary or must be done frlf; MZM: to satisfy/meet/identify a need iiM /    / If dj

3£#ltlf 0 There is an urgent need for qualified teachers. ifi tO fl If ff tfc!/ip o o There is no need for you to get up early tomorrow, iff RJ3 Tc R -R ® 0 o I had no need to

open the letter—I knew what it would say.

SPMfs      ISfrlit Jlffi^-iftlSff o The house is in

need of a thorough clean.         frIf5|tyh;fc:fil&o 0 We

will contact you again if the need arises. jffl^^fil&If, ft o o There’s no need to cry (= stop crying). Rlff^To o note at reason 2 [C, U] a strong feeling that you want sb/sth or must have sth # £ij If; ittUIf^: to fulfil an emotional need tOfile O She felt the need to talk to someone. fP A M M o 0 I’m in need of some fresh air. ft fa Pf p& 0 She had no more need of me. ^fUf^To 3 [C, usually pi.] the things that sb requires in order to live in a comfortable way or achieve what they want If W ^ ; ftM: financial needs g ± 60

lloa programme to suit your individual needs $1 £ M X A fl If W ^ @ o to meet children’s special educa­tional needs $t£JLM:l#$c$tWWffil^ 4 [U] the state of not having enough food, money or support ( ft $) , ft 5. 033 HARDSHIP : The

charity aims to provide assistance to people in need. M

O He helped me

in my hour of neetLjE ft    fft0

— see also needy ITgfTTl if need 'be if necessary If W W i&If W fifr: There’s always food in the freezer

if need be. %P H fr ^   IS M & % i %S „ — more at

CRYING adj., FRIEND

'need-blind adj. [US) (of a university’s or college’s policy of choosing which people to offer places on a course of study       depending only on sb’s academic

ability, without considering their ability to pay for it ) : a need-blind

admissions policy

need ful /'niidfl/ adj. [old-fashioned) necessary iftlffft; MW

nee dle 0 /'ni:dl/ noun, verb

m noun [C]

                  FOR SEWING M 1 a small thin piece of steel that you use for sewing, with a point at one end and a hole for the thread at the other ff ; ist 3O+ : a needle and thread fffn^ 0 the eye (= hole) of a needle ff # J L; |f fa — picture o sewing — see also pins and needles

                  FOR KNITTING 111 2 a long thin piece of plastic or

metal with a point at one end that you use for knitting. You usually use two together.      knitting needles

UtlPsff — picture o knitting

                  FOR DRUGS ffj pp 3 a very thin, pointed piece of steel

used on the end of a syringe for putting a drug into sb’s body, or for taking blood out of it ff^c:

a hypodermic needle       picture o page

R26

                  ON INSTRUMENT fJCH 4 a thin piece of metal on a scien­tific instrument that moves to point to the correct measurement or direction If : The compass needle was pointing north,

                  ON PINE TREE, fa W 5 [usually pi.] the thin, hard, pointed leaf of a pine tree f&ff; If Pf — picture o tree

                  ON RECORD PLAYER PfRJl 6 the very small pointed piece of metal that touches a record that is being played in order to produce the sound PH If; $Hff CT171 stylus IT*Tt*il a needle in a 'haystack a thing that is almost impossible to find ^f&MWIf;

Searching for one man in this city is like looking for a needle in a haystack.

ma

n verb [VN] (informal) to deliberately annoy sb, especially by criticizing them continuously $1]Ml; ftjkM; ( X fa )     KE1 antagonize: Don’t let her needle

you.

needle-cord /'niidlkoid; NAmE -ko:rd/ noun [U] (BrE) a type of fine corduroy

needle-craft /'ni:dlkra:ft; NAmE -kraeft/ noun [U] the art and skill of sewing, especially when it is taught as a school subject im, If ft (       )

needle-point /'niidlpoint/ noun [u] a type of decorative sewing in which you use very small stitches to make a picture on strong cloth ff£§;

need-less /'nirdlas/ adj. needless death or suffering is not necessary because it could have been avoided ^