pp

P (also p) /pi:/ noun [C, U] {pi. Ps, P’s, p’s /pirz/) the 16th letter of the English alphabet    16 'h 7

‘Pizza’ begins with (a) P/‘P’. * pizza —p jf A0 ITiTBI see mind v.

p (also p.) abbr. 1 {pi. pp.) page K : See p.34 and pp.63-72. %% 34                        63-72 Ao 2 PENNY, pence

±: a30p stamp —ft 30           3 {music #) quietly

(from Italian ‘piano’)  If fife; Wi see also p.

AND H., P. AND P.

PA /,pi: 'ei/ abbr. 1 public address (system) : Announcements were made over the PA. ill crJl: AA

ih W o 2 {especially BrE) personal assistant : She’s the Managing Director’s PA.

Pa abbr. Pascal ft ( #f-f? ) (&&&&%■& ) pa /pa:/ noun {old-fashioned, informal) father #;

1                  used to know your pa.

p.a. abbr. per year (from Latin ‘per annum’) ( Hg g ft Till per annum ) : an increase of 3% p.a. ^^3% (ft

paan (also pan) /pa:n/ noun [U, C] {IndE) a betel leaf, usually folded into a shape with three sides and filled with spices for eating # B+, Sfiiff ltf-4at£flP,

( )

PAC /,pi: ei 'si:/ abbr. political action committee pace1 On /peis/ noun, verb — see also pace2 m noun 1 [sing., U] the speed at which sb/sth walks, runs or moves (   ) iifS:;        to      set off at a steady/

gentleAeisurelypace               4ftJ

0 Congestion frequently reduces traffic to walking pace.

o

The ball gathered pace as it rolled down the hill StH $c 0 The runners have

noticeably quickened their pace.

2                  [sing., U] ~ (of sth) the speed at which sth happens A

£fftMl§:;    It is difficult to keep up with the

rapid pace of change. £1 ± ifi M ft $ it Ji ffl *t ft. 0 We encourage all students to work at their own pace (= as fast or as slow as they can).        i

0 I prefer the relaxed pace of life in the country.      . 0 Rumours of

corruption and scandal gathered pace {= increased in number). Jjft it W. & ft ft S3 0 i# ^ »  3 [C] an act of

stepping once when walking or running; the distance travelled when doing this ( A A $3 ft ) igdilft— /£■ ft ^; ft $1 ETT1 step : She took two paces forward.

4 [U] the fact of sth happening, changing, etc. quickly iMtHJJE (        ) ; ftfj#:

He gave up his job in advertising because he couldn’t stand the pace. {M%£T’r ^ikftlft,

o The novel lacks pace (= it develops too slowly).        — see also pacy rTTTTTI go

through your paces | show your 'paces to perform a particular activity in order to show other people what you are capable of doing  B        keep 'pace

(with sb/sth) to move, increase, change, etc. at the same speed as sb/sth (    ( ft-- )

—■ ft . She found it hard to keep pace with him as he strode off. ftkA^JFT, M2J®5®JS±iifeo 0 Until now, wage increases have always kept pace with infla- tion.

off the ' pace (in sport $■ If ^j) behind the leader or the leading group in a race or a competition (

Tiger Woods is

still three shots off the pace (= in golf).

0 put sb/sth through their/its paces

to give sb/sth a number of tasks to perform in order to see what they are capable of doing   ( AAft

tta fj ) set the 'pace 1 to do sth at a particular speed or to a particular standard so that other people are then forced to copy it if they want to be successful fi$/E 31 Jg ; fift jl If ft;       The company is no longer

setting the pace in the home computer market.

2 (in a race

H) to run faster than the other people taking part, at a speed that they then try to copy ^$3 — more at FORCE V., SNAIL

mverb 1 to walk up and down in a small area many times, especially because you are feeling nervous or angry A kWE&,i   : [V +adv./prep.} She paced

up and down outside the room.  0

0 [VN] Ted paced the floor restlessly.

2 [VN] to set the speed at which sth happens or develops 6ft Ail Hi; ft if#: He paced his game skilfully,    S Bft 3 [VN] ~ your­

self to find the right speed or rhythm for your work or an activity so that you have enough energy to do what you have to do ftlf g BftXfl (       )•      He’ll

have to learn to pace himself in this job.     g

BiiJ&ai^Xflftft^o       .pace sth—'off/'out to

measure the size of sth by walking across it with regular steps

pace2 /'pa:kei; 'pa:tfei; 'peisi/ prep, (from Latin, formal) used before a person’s name to express polite disagree­ment with what they have said (

ig ) if : The evidence suggests, pace

Professor Jones, that ... (= Professor Jones has a

different opinion), if Stflrfc&IgTjCi' il^ABJ see

also PACE1

.pace 'bowler noun = fast bowler pace-maker /'peismeika(r)/ noun 1 an electronic device that is put inside a person’s body to help their heart beat regularly >6 jffi 6 if ££ 2 (also pace-setter especially in NAmE) a person or an animal that begins a race quickly so that the other people taking part will try to copy the speed and run a fast race ^g&A;

{figurative) The big banks have been the pacesetters in developing the system.       fchfaVcMo

3                  (also pace-setter especially in NAmE) a person or team that is winning in a sports competition (

£tfj ) ^5fePAffi: The local club are now only one

point off the pacemakers.  ff o

pace-man /'peismaen/ noun {pi. -men /-men/) = fast

BOWLER

pace-setter /'peisseta(r)/ noun (especially NAmE) = pace­maker^) pacey o pacy

pa-chinko /pa'tjirjkao; NAmE -kou/ noun [U] (from Japanese) a Japanese form of pinball, in which you can win prizes    ( — # 0 Alt If it ft )

pachy derm /'paekid3:m; NAmE -d3:rm/ noun {technical A ifl) a type of animal with a very thick skin, for example, an elephant ( in A4£ )

pacif ic /pa'sifik/ adj. [usually before noun] {literary) peaceful or loving peace

Pa cific 'Daylight Time noun [u] {abbr. PDT) the time used in summer in the western parts of Canada and the US that is nine hours earlier than GMT A7-#K4‘N‘I'h]

A/Mmh- )

the Pa.cific ’Rim noun [sing.] the countries around the Pacific Ocean, especially the countries of eastern Asia, considered as an economic group A-7#Jl]j£i&IX, tfffl ( M )

Pa.cific 'Standard Time {abbr. PST) noun [U] the time used in winter in the western parts of Canada and the US that is eight hours earlier than GMT AT^fe/S^fa]

AA/W)

Pa'cific time noun [U] the standard time on the west coast of the US and Canada A7#Nla] ( flP#A^nll®

paci fier /'paesifaia(r)/ noun {NAmE) = dummy n.(5) paci fism /'psesifizam/ noun [u] the belief that war and violence are always wrong A; ±A; Jx.ft ±A ^

paci fist /'paesrfist/ noun a person who believes in paci­fism and who refuses to fight in a war fP 7- ± A #; i/k s# X A #; &. ft ± A # — compare conscientious