pastiche   1456 |

bacteria ^       ► pas-teur-iza-tion, -isation

/,pa:stJarai'zeiXn; NAmE .paestfara'zeiTn/ noun [U] pas tiche /pae'stiiJV noun 1 [C] a work of art, piece of writing, etc. that is created by deliberately copying the

style of sb/sth else ICtlf ftlft:£;£ffp0p; flftftpap: a

pastiche of the classic detective story ^^{^^(ijtyiftftTT

2                  [C] a work of art, etc. that consists of a variety of

different styles (        ) Mftpnp,

3                  [U] the art of creating a pastiche HftltA; Hftftz!; pas tille /'paestal; NAmE pae'stiil/ noun (especially BrE) a

small sweet/candy that you suck, especially one that is flavoured with fruit or that contains medicine for a sore throat ^ Jt;     fruit pastilles    )% <>

throat pastilles fl&lt

pas-time /'paistaim; NAmE 'paes-/ noun something that you enjoy doing when you are not working it;

Pm hobby o note at interest past-ing /'peistir)/ noun 1 [sing.] (especially BrE) a heavy defeat in a game or competition ( fcb H ft (ft ) i# ,

A ft 2 [sing.] (especially BrE) an instance of being hit very hard as a punishment if U ; 5?: ftTi Pin THRASHING

pas-tis /pae'stiis/ noun [U, C] {pi. pas-tis) (from French) a strong alcoholic drink usually drunk before a meal, that has the flavour of aniseed AiSitiifrM ( HM )

, past 1 master noun ~ (at sth/at doing sth) a person who is very good at sth because they have a lot of experi­ence in it       |*|fr; %%. sm expert: She’s a past

master at getting what she wants. M Rf HTH (ft A, HI

pas-tor /'paista(r); NAmE 'paes-/ noun a minister in charge of a Christian church or group, especially in some Nonconformist churches (       )

pas toral /'paistaral; NAmE 'paes-/ adj. 1 relating to the work of a priest or teacher in giving help and advice on personal matters, not just those connected with reli­gion or education       ( TTA1:?RA

MAitWWTAAftftjAM ) : pastoral care (ft Aff 2 showing country life or the countryside, espe­cially in a romantic way ffl g] (ft; ^TtT'/S(ft; Mif Mj# £ft: a pastoral scene/poem/symphony EH HIM A / i# T HIbJ Tfc 3 relating to the farming of animals 0 ft Eft : agricultural and pastoral practices pas tor al-ism /’paistaralizam; NAmE 'paes-/ noun [U] a way of keeping animals such as cattle, sheep, etc. that involves moving them from place to place to find water and food $?ft (       ) ►pas-

tor-af-ist noun, adj.

.past 'participle noun {grammar iltife) the form of a verb that in English ends in -ed, -en, etc. and is used with the verb have to form perfect tenses such as / have eaten, with the verb be to form passive sentences such as It was destroyed, or sometimes as an adjective as in an upset stomach M A ft is] — compare present

PARTICIPLE

the .past 'perfect (also the .past .perfect tense, the plu-per-fect) noun [sing] {grammar ifj-A) the form of a verb that expresses an action completed before a particular point in the past, formed in English with had and the past participle M A zuJ&W; MAAfi£ft pas trami /pae'straimi/ noun [U] cold spicy smoked beef

pas-try /'peistri/ noun {pi. -ies) 1 [U] a mixture of flour, fat and water or milk that is rolled out flat and baked as a base or covering for pies, etc.

— see also choux pastry, filo pastry, puff pastry, shortcrust pastry 2 [c] a small cake made using pastry       — see also Danish pastry

' pastry cook noun a professional cook whose main job is to make pastry, cakes, etc. Ht&lJFpfl?; the .past 'tense (also the past) noun [sing.] {grammar A) the form of a verb used to describe actions in the past MAW; MA;^ : The past tense of ‘take’ is ‘took’. * take (ftMAiSH took0

pas tur age /'pa:stjarid3; NAmE 'paes-/ noun [U] {technical Ain) land covered with grass for animals to eat pas ture /'paistj'a(r); NAmE 'pass-/ noun, verb

4                  noun 1 [U, C] land covered with grass that is suitable

for feeding animals on ft ^ ; ft ^ Jft : an area of permanent/rough/rich pasture — ftzjcAW / MF(ft / 'M’ik (ft ft:® O high mountain pastures iSfibftl^r 0 The cattle were put out to pasture. Af^ftftltft^^ifeTo 2 pastures [pi.] the circumstances of your life, work, etc.'MM^H;        TA&Jftfftl/lii: I felt we

were off to greener pastures (= a better way of life), fie

WAtSo 0 (BrE) She decided it was time to move on to pastures new (= a new job, place to live, etc.). m\fe&^§ixmnm\To m verb [VN] to put animals in a field to feed on grass ftft pas ture-land /'paistjalaend; NAmE 'paestjarl-/ noun [u, pi.] (also pas-tur-age [U]) land where animals can feed on grass ft^i; ft^J&

pasty1 /'paesti/ noun {pi. -ies) {BrE) a small pie containing meat and vegetables — see also Cornish pasty pasty2 /'peisti/ adj. pale and not looking healthy Mfelfr ft (ft HT71 pallid : a pasty face/complexion i£ft (ft®

?l t mm

pat /paet/ verb, noun, adj., adv.

5                  verb (-tt-) to touch sb/sth gently several times with your

hand flat, especially as a sign of affection ( ) $£

ft: [VN] She patted the dog on the head. M$£$5itkft If $J(ft Ao 0 He patted his sister’s hand consolingly. ft|| (ftTA:ltMo 0 [VN-ADJ] Pat your face dry with a soft towel.  HST7T1 pat sb/yourself on

the 'back to praise sb or yourself for doing sth well

m, j»(£A/ga)

6                  noun 1 a gentle friendly touch with your open hand or

with a flat object ( A# (ft ) $£ft, ft IT: a pat on the head $£ $£ ft ^ T A 0 He gave her knee an affectionate pat.      7ft(M5i^o 2 ~ of butter a small,

soft, flat lump of butter —TAHt A — see also cowpat nrm a .pat on the back (for sth/for doing sth) praise or approval for sth that you have done well A ^; © if; He deserves a pat on the back for all his hard work.

mm#*

m adj. (usually disapproving) (of an answer, a comment, etc. ^ , if ifc ^) too quick, easy or simple; not seeming natural or realistic Mf MIW; 7 g (ft; A (ft H77I glib : The ending of the novel is a little too pat to be convincing. /Ju&W^MTT'SMTfplM, AA*£ EUSftio 0 There are no pat answers to these questions.

madv. nTTXI have/know sth off pat {BrE) {NAmE have/ know sth down 'pat) to know sth perfectly so that you can repeat it at any time without having to think about it T ift ft ¥; ^        : He had all the answers off pat.

stand 'pat {especially NAmE) to refuse to change your mind about a decision you have made or an opinion you have [HftBJjiL;

AaE

patch /paetJV noun, verb m noun

                SMALL AREA 7 A 1 a small area of sth, especially one which is different from the area around it fa #1;

(■% ffl A iRl (ft ) 7 A, /Mt: a black dog with a white patch on its back #±^f—J&SIElftllf&J oa bald patch on the top of his head j^^cM(ftA^ o damp patches on the wall        o patches of dense fog @319$^

                PIECE OF MATERIAL /ftAM 14 2 a small piece of material

that is used to cover a hole in sth or to make a weak area stronger, or as decoration T ;   $ : I sewed

patches on the knees of my jeans.

7 A#To 3 a piece of material that you wear over an eye, usually because the eye is damaged HH: He had a black patch over one eye. fife ^— H BH ^ If H IS ^ o — see also eyepatch 4 {NAmE) = badge(2) 5 a piece of material that people can wear on their skin to help them to stop smoking       it: nicotine patches E A

                PIECE/AREA OF LAND 6 a small piece of land, espe­

cially one used for growing vegetables or fruit /ft ±^; (Ala)^ife,        a vegetable patch M

— picture o page R24 7 {BrE, informal) an area that sb