4 (in football (soccer) and some other similar sports M. M ftk W is $j) a chance to

score a goal or point without any defending players, except the goalkeeper, trying to stop it; the goal or point that is given if it is successful. This chance is given because the other team has broken the rules.

Jt ;   Two minutes later Ford equalized with

a penalty.       OWe

were awarded a penalty after a late tackle. Mff Mfs, mimmj-'f.mo 0 I volunteered to take the penalty (= be the person who tries to score the goal/point).        0 He missed a penalty in

the last minute of the game. # tt H H fa — M, ftk 3ft A 7,&J£o iTSTTTB see pay v.

'penalty area (BrE also 'penalty box, area) noun (in football (soccer) A.5£) the area in front of the goal. If the defending team breaks the rules within this area, the other team is given a penalty. 71 'penalty box noun 1 (BrE) = penalty area 2 (in ice hockey }5jc _fc ft jf $c) an area next to the ice where a player who has broken the rules must wait for a short timeMPAMWlM; ^710 'penalty kick (BrE also spot kick) noun a kick that is taken as a penalty in the game of football (soccer)

() mM#, m

'penalty point noun (BrE) a note on sb’s driving licence showing they have committed an offence while driving ( !?]« )

.penalty 'shoot-out noun (in football (soccer) /£!#) a way of deciding the winner when both teams have the same score at the end of a game. Each team is given a number of chances to kick the ball into the goal and the team that scores the most goals wins. 71 &

pen ance /'penans/ noun 1 [C, usually sing., U] ~ (for sth) (especially in particular religions %\an act that you give yourself to do, or that a priest gives you to do in order to show that you are sorry for sth you have done wrong |h ® ; ff£ P: % #15        : an act of

penance 11# 3ft o to do penance for your sins fj g

2 [sing.] something that you have to do even though you do not like doing it

She regards living in New York as a penance; she hates big cities, m

m.

,pen-and-'ink adj. [usually before noun] drawn with a pen  (ft: pen-and-ink drawings

pence /pens/ (BrE) (abbr. p) pi. of penny pen-chant /'pbjD; NAmE 'pentjant/ noun ~ for sth a special liking for sth nfM HTfl fondness: She has a penchant for champagne. pen cil Otk /'pensl/ noun, verb

u noun [Q U] a narrow piece of wood, or a metal or plastic case, containing a black or coloured substance, used for drawing or writing : a pencil drawing !j o I’ll get a pencil and paper.   0 She scribbled

a note in pencil.       0 coloured

pencils    — picture c> stationery — see also

EYEBROW PENCIL, PROPELLING PENCIL ■ verb (-II-, NAmE -I-) [VN] to write, draw or mark sth with a pencil   : a pencilled portrait

Rk^fM\% 0 A. previous owner had pencilled ‘First Edition’ inside the book’s cover. AA #

7      o         .pencil sth/sb-^'ln to write

down sb’s name or details of an arrangement with them that you know might have to be changed later lift BtiBT (        ) : We’ve pencilled in a

meeting for Tuesday afternoon.

Ac 0 Shall I pencil you in for Friday? (= for a meeting)

'pencil case noun a small bag, etc. for holding pencils and pens        %k%M

pencil-pusher noun (NAmE) = pen-pusher 'pencil sharpener noun a small device with a blade inside, used for making pencils sharp — picture o stationery 'pencil skirt noun (BrE) a narrow straight skirt

| 1469

pen-dant /'pendant/ noun a piece of jewellery that you wear around your neck on a chain (  ) Hffp,

— picture c> jewellery

pend-ing /'pendir)/ prep., adj.

m prep, {formal) while waiting for sth to happen; until sth

happens:# # # • • ■ N- $3; H 3\ • ri A it: He was released on bail pending further inquiries, ft^N4k£—

■ adj. {formal) 1 waiting to be decided or settled #iA: Nine cases are still pending, ft #

0                  a pending file/tray (= where you put letters, etc. you

are going to deal with soon)       / ### 2 going

to happen soon gp# A # (ft BQG3 imminent : An elec­tion is pending in Italy. M A M BP # 1ft fj ^ 0 O his

pending departure ftkgp#$J ftF

pen du lous /'pendjalas; NAmE -d3alas/ adj. {formal) hanging down loosely and swinging from side to side

mmm%iw

pen du lum /'pendjalam; NAmE -d3alam/ noun a long straight part with a weight at the end that moves regu­larly from side to side to control the movement of a clock     {figurative) In education, the pendulum has

swung back to traditional teaching methods. Kt

O the pendulum of public opinion Hifc (ftff — picture o clock

pene-trable /'pemtrabl/ adj. (formal) that allows sth to be pushed into or through it; that can have a way made through itnn&^FMPiJ; fg%^(ft: soil that is easily penetrable with a fork fg $£ |§7 S3 (ft ± # 0X22 impene­trable

pene-trate /'pemtreit/ verb 1 - (into/through/to) sth to go into or through sth        j&A: [VNj The knife had

penetrated his chest. JJ jJr$J A 7 ffe #J l&l If c 0 The sun’s radiation penetrates the skin. AP0 (ft It ibiSitt^0 0 (figurative) The war penetrates every area of the nation’s life.    o [V] These

fine particles penetrate deep into the lungs. ^oT^^ftkiSAJ!$op0 2 to succeed in entering or joining an organization, a group, etc. especially when this is difficult to do jTA ( MR:      ) : [VN]

They had penetrated airport security, life C] EL FT A f/l ^ fZiMRo 0 The party has been penetrated by extremists.

TATMto 0 This year the company has been trying to penetrate new markets (= to start selling their products there).        SUfil FT A

Iff rfJ^0 o [V] The troops had penetrated deep into enemy lines.       3 [VN] to see or show a

way into or through sth    Our eyes

could not penetrate the darkness. 3$'C] (ft IS 0# &h 7 ft" A t!l # 7^ JE o 0 The flashlights barely penetrated the gloom.        &ho 4 [VN] to understand

or discover sth that is difficult to understand or is hidden ®^; ASii; HA: Science can penetrate many of nature’s mysteries. # ^ M H A g ^ If.69 ift^H     0

5 to be understood or realized by sb  ® JIH: [V]

1                  was at the door before his words penetrated. A 3\ H

P AD/f 117 flfeijiLl^iSv 0 [VN] None of my advice seems to have penetrated his thick skull (= he has not listened to any of it).        ^6[vn]

(of a man H A) to put the penis into the vagina or anus of a sexual partner (        ) jiA

pene-trat ing /'pemtreitirj/ adj. 1 (of sb’s eyes or the way they look at you 0# sjc 0| #) making you feel uncomfortable because the person seems to know what you are thinking §£ fftj; J? f!]    ; Af'JW: penetrating

blue eyes ^f>J69iS0S0S 0 a penetrating gaze/look/stare @ ft / &W 2 (of a sound or voice ^ ^t^W) loud and hard      AMW Pin piercing:

Her voice was shrill and penetrating.  A:M#]

3 showing that you have understood sth quickly and completely if M W; W: a penetrating comment/ criticism/question       AAHjFWtff;

Wfn]^ 4 spreading deeply or widely    :

a penetrating smell $ij #        o the penetrating cold/

damp Mill WMH;

penetration /.pem'treijn/ noun [U] 1 the act or process of making a way into or through sth M; '3