perilous
1476
H;
t#llf: a warning about the perils of drug abuse ^ ^1^651!? If IT7TCT do sth at your
(own) 'peril used to warn sb that if they do sth, it may be
dangerous or cause them problems ( ) g
per il ous /'peralas/ adj. {formal or literary) very dangerous )i;P&65; *HP&65 ED3 hazardous ► perilously adv.: We came perilously
close to disaster.
TASlAo
per-im-eter /pa'rimita(r)/ noun 1 the
outside edge of an area of land ( ±i&65 ) litl:
Guards patrol
the perimeter of the
estate. 0
a perimeter
fence/track/wall Jp]65lil^
/ /M£ / i#
2
(mathematics $/) the total length of
the outside edge of an area or a shape — compare circumference
peri-natal /.perTneitl/ adj. (technical Ai§) at or around the time of birth l(S A 65; 0 A M
65: perinatal care 0 1 O perinatal mortality
peri neum /.perTniiam/ noun {pi. peri-nea /-'ni:a/) {anatomy f$) the area between the anus and the SCROTUM or VULVA
period °"w /■ piariad; NAmE 'pir-/ noun, adv., adj.
a noun
►
LENGTH OF TIME 1 a particular length of time
-gBt
fa]; : cl period of consultation/mouming/
uncertainty 51 j§f /_;&$ / 65 |b] 0 The factory
will be closed down over a
2-year period/a period of two years, A®<> o This compares with a
4% increase for the same period last year. A
[WJ
$] 65 4% ff- (pi 15 „ o This
offer is available for a limited period only. & M
HI PI M 1*1 W &o o All these changes happened
over a period of time.
l*J A£65o 0 The
aim is to reduce traffic at peak periods, g
0
You can have it for a trial period (= in order to test it).
W% «I \>X S 05 la] o — see also cooling-off period 2 a length of time in the life of a
particular person or in the history of a particular country ( A 4.
nm, 05ft: Which
period of history would you most like to have lived in?
?
0 the post-war period $/g85 M o Like Picasso, she too had a
blue period, ffl,
3
(geology itfe) a length of
time which is a division of an era (
ifeMX ft> ftTIHS ) : the Jurassic period {%.
MM
►
LESSON 05 4 any of the parts
that a day is divided
into at a school, college,
etc. for study 55; ^85; if : ‘What do you have next period?’ ‘French.’ “T —*55il ft 'a if ? ” “ & @ o 0 a
free/study period (= for
private study) g ?3 W
►
WOMAN 5 the flow of blood
each month from the body of a woman who is not pregnant M&; MM; M {gc: period
pains 0 monthly periods o When did you last have a period? ffc ± —
—
compare menstruation
►
PUNCTUATION foA 6
{NAmE) = full stop noun
m adv. {especially NAmE) = full stop : The answer is no,
period! 'Af?$T!
■
adj. [only before noun]
having a style typical of a particular time in history ^ If 4 0f ft # fl 65:; period costumes/furniture ft A ^
85 M 65 j® ^
peri-od-ic /.piari'odik; NAmE ,piri'a:dik/ (also less frequent peri-od-ical /-kl/) adj. [usually before noun] happening fairly often and
regularly fa] A '14 65 ; MM
65
; Ml If! 65 : Periodic checks are carried out on
the equipment, if-&|e $] 5t S o ► peri-od-ic-al-ly /-kli/ adv.: Mailing lists are
updated periodically.
peri-od-ical /.piari'Ddikl; NAmE ,piri'a:d-/ noun a magazine that is published every week, month,
etc., especially one that is concerned with an academic subject
i.#a ) mn
the .periodic 'table noun [sing.] {chemistry ft) a list of all the chemical elements,
arranged according to their ATOMIC NUMBER
peri odon tal /.peria'dDntl;
NAmE -'da:n-/ adj. {medical E) related to or
affecting the parts of the mouth that surround and support the teeth A Ml 65 peri odon titis /.periadnn'taitis; NAmE -da:n-/ {BrE also pyor-rhoea) {NAmE also pyorrhea) noun [U] {medical |g) a condition in
which the area around the teeth becomes sore and swollen, which may make the
teeth fall out 5FJmk
'period piece noun 1 a play, film/movie, etc. that is
set in a particular period of history 4f $£ JgiJ (
| ) 2a decorative object,
piece of furniture, etc. that was made during a particular period of history
and is typical of that period ^^'^485ft#ffi65^
m)
peri pat-et-ic /.peripa'tetik/ adj. (formal) going from place to
place, for example in order to work 65; S5 65: a peripatetic music
teacher — £ M 65 W
per iph eral /pa'rifaral/ adj.,
noun m adj. 1 ~ (to sth) {formal)
not as important as the main aim, part, etc. of sth EkM 65; ^^65: peripheral
information M S5 {f A ❖ Fund-raising is peripheral to their
main activities.
65o
2 (technical Ain) connected with
the outer edge of a particular area 0 65 ; jW] 65 : the
peripheral nervous system JW] 0 ^ 0 peripheral vision
jWg&M
% 3 (computing if) (of equipment i4^) connected to a
computer 65: a peripheral device ^ 0 iXfe
►
per-iph-er-al-ly /pa'rifarali/ adv. mnoun (computing if) a piece of equipment that is
connected to a computer 0 H ; jW] i4 & : monitors, printers and
other peripherals tT^Pffl
per-iph-ery /pa'rifari/ noun [usually sing.] {pi. -ies) (format)
4
the outer edge of a particular area )£ ^ ;
M H ;
0 : industrial
development on the periphery of the
town
M|(JW]j£itfeEX'lk65Ali: 0 The condition makes it difficult for patients
to see objects at the periphery of their vision.
5
the less important part of sth, for
example of a particular activity or of a social or political group
n]
5 A; tt: minor parties on the
periphery of American politics
peri phrasis /pa'rifrasis/ noun [U] 1 (technical Ain) the use of an indirect way of
speaking or writing if 0 li; 2 {grammar i§?&) the use of
separate words to express a grammatical
relationship, instead of verb endings, etc. if
)
►
peri-phras-tic /.perifraestik/ adj. peri-scope /‘periskaup; NAmE -skoop/ noun a device like a long tube, containing mirrors which
enable the user to see over the top of sth, used especially in a submarine (- a ship that can operate
underwater) to see above the surface of the sea per ish /’penJV verb 1 [V] {formal or literary) (of people or animals
A ^5^?/) to die, especially in a sudden violent way ^Efr; H^E: A family
of four perished in the fire. — P 2
[V] (formal) to be lost or
destroyed ^ A ; M A ; §£ A : Early
buildings were made of wood and have perished.
3
[V, VN] (BrE) if a material such as
rubber perishes or is perished, it becomes damaged, weaker or full of
holes ( jt & ^ )'-ft it , MM flTTMl .perish the thought
(informal) used to say that you
find a suggestion unacceptable or that you hope that sth will never happen (
&n;i, fir, TVX«e: Meget
married? Perish the thought! Ilc^ntt?
per ish able /'perijabl/ adj. (especially of food KXn'kW) likely to decay or go
bad quickly ^lf^65; ^65: perishable goods/foods 'J£$M65 M /
per ish ables /'perijablz/ noun [pi.] (technical Aif) types of food
that decay or go bad quickly per ished /'perijt/ adj. [not before noun]
(BrE, informal) (of a person A) very cold We were perished, jit 111