permit        1478 |

greater freedom in sexual matters        )

mfm±& (20 its 60 m 70    )

permit 0-pr verb, noun

m verb /pa'mit; NAmE par'm-/ (-tt-) (formal) 1 to allow sb to do sth or to allow sth to happen ft i7 ; ft i7 : [VN] Radios are not permitted in the library. ffl i& IH/l o o There are fines for exceeding permitted levels of noise pollution.          o[VNN]

We were not permitted any contact with each other. ftd ft i7 ^ lit ft ft H Sc M o 0 Jim permitted himself a wry smile.   o [VN to inf] Visitors are not

permitted to take photographs. 0 She

would not permit herself to look at them. o (formal) Permit me to offer you some advice, if A ft ft [also V -ing] 2 to make sth possible ft i£; ft ft ft ii;: [v] We hope to visit the cathedral if time permits.   slit,ft, ftCI#Mt£#$l—

o I’ll come tomorrow, weather permitting (= if the weather is fine). A<HftftWi£, 0 [VN] The

password permits access to all files on the hard disk. & ft ^59 ftl$fh5Ji#±&*J#rftil§o o [VN to inf] Cash machines permit you to withdraw money at any time. Dt l&IAftftftIW&ifco [also V-ing]

■ noun /'p3:mit; NAmE 'p3;rmit/ an official document that gives sb the right to do sth, especially for a limited period of time ft ft tiE, # ft il ( A Is K ) : a fishing/residence/parking, etc. permit $^jj§L,         ff?

ft ^ ft rT ft 0 to apply for a permit ^ % ft ft ft 0 to issue a permit S^ftft ft — see also work permit permutation /.paimju'teijn; NAmE ,p3irm-/ noun [usually pi.] any of the different ways in which a set of things can be ordered ( ftft ) ; lift ( Aft; ) ; g $k: The possible permutations of x, y and z are xyz, xzy, yxz, yzx, zxy and zyx. * x, y fB z (Hi ft is       Aft A

xyz, xzy, yxz, yzx, zxy zyx„ perni cious /pa'nijas; NAmE par'n-/ adj. (formal) having a very harmful effect on sb/sth, especially in a way that is gradual and not easily noticed AiS^J, ( Ala

)

pernickety /pa'mkati; NAmE par'n-/ (especially BrE) (NAmE usually per-snick-ety) adj. (informal, disapproving) worrying too much about unimportant details; showing this        Hnm fussy

peroration /.pera'reijn/ noun (formal) 1 the final part of a speech in which the speaker gives a summary of the main points (        2 (disap­

proving) a long speech that is not very interesting

21mm%

perox ide /pa'roksaid; NAmE -'ra:k-/ (also .hydrogen pe' roxide) noun [U] a clear liquid used to kill bacteria and to bleach hair (= make it lighter) it M: a woman with peroxide blonde hair M %£      (ft

A7

per pen dicu lar /,p3:pan'dikjala(r); NAmE ,p3irp-/ adj., noun

m adj. 1 ~ (to sth) (usually technical ft) forming an angle of 90° with another line or surface; vertical and going straight up H g (ft ; M ft : Are the lines perpendicular to each other?   0

The staircase was almost perpendicular (= very steep). H # /l ^ il IE ft o' 2 Perpendicular (architecture H) connected with a style of architecture common in England in the 14th and 15th centuries, that makes use of vertical lines and wide arches HjlCftfft (     14,

lSt^frWiOT, )

mnoun the perpendicular [sing.] a line, position or direction that is exactly perpendicular g| i ^ ( ft <{v It, ft [ft ) : The wall is a little out of the perpendicular.

perpet rate /'p3:p9treit; NAmE 'p3:rp-/ verb [VN] ~ sth (against/upon/on sb) (formal) to commit a crime or do sth wrong or evil & ( H ) ;      ( If ^ ) ; ft (  ) :

to perpetrate a crime/fraud/massacre XE ft; fr-im; ft 7f. ft o violence perpetrated against women and children     ► perpetration

/.psipa'treiXn; NAmE ,p3:rp-/ noun [U]

perpetrator /‘p3:patreita(r); NAmE ‘p3irp-/ noun a person who commits a crime or does sth that is wrong or evil ft       |X| #; 3E=P#: the perpetrators of the

crime

perpetual /pa'petjual; NAmE par'p-/ adj. 1 [usually before noun] continuing for a long period of time without interruption ft |b]  ft AW HTH

continuous : the perpetual noise of traffic ^ ft (ft 35 ill# ft o We lived for years in a perpetual state of fear.

—2 [usually before noun] frequently repeated, in a way that is annoying — ft

&7g'&7#J 023continual: How can I work with these perpetual interruptions? IT Ift ft ®r, it A X ft ? 3 [only before noun] (of a job or

position XftftIXft) lasting for the whole of sb’s life ft Ji£ft; zkft(ft: He was elected perpetual president, {fafk i&Aft-#z^fto 0 (humorous) She's a perpetual student. ftg0 ► per petu al ly /-tjuali/ oc/v. per petual ‘motion noun [u] a state in which sth moves continuously without stopping, or appears to do so ftzjfj: We’re all in a state of perpetual motion in this office (= we’re always moving around or changing things),

perpetuate /pa'petfueit; NAmE par'p-/ verb [VN] (formal) to make sth such as a bad situation, a belief, etc. continue for a long time          {£1#

H : to perpetuate injustice I# ££ ill ft ft ft IE 0 This system perpetuated itself for several centuries, ft — rtHl ft: ^IftT/lftt&ffio 0 Comics tend to perpetuate the myth that ‘boys don’t cry’.       i “HJLTfjSft

$£#”   ft ii*f 0 ► per petu ation /pa.petju'eijn; NAmE

par.p-/ noun [U]

perpetuity /,p3:p0'tju:ati; /V/Amf ,p3:rpa'tu:-/ noun [U] ITSTTC1 in perpetuity (formal) for all time in the future 77c fts; 7jcft HT7I forever: They do not own the land in perpetuity. Ml^ftzkftMftftftftitL perplex /pa'pleks; NAmE par'p-/ verb [usually passive] if sth perplexes you, it makes you confused or worried because you do not understand it ft ^@ ^ HT71 puzzle: [VN] They were perplexed by her response. ^JtftfMTIS^ftflSo [also VN that] ► perplexing adj.: a perplexing problem ftAftM^l'nJM perplexed /pa'plekst; NAmE par'p-/ adj. confused and anxious because you are unable to understand sth; showing this 0^1$; ft^ftftffft a perplexed expres­sion    0 She looked perplexed.

^:0 ► per plex ed ly /-idli/ adv. perplexity /pa'pleksati; NAmE par'p-/ noun (pi. -ies) (formal) 1 [U] the state of feeling confused and anxious because you do not understand sth ® Wt; ft H771 confusion ; Most of them just stared at her in perplexity.   2 [C, usually pi.]

something that is difficult to understand ft 1^ 511? (ft ft %; £$ ®: the perplexities of life Aft M ® ^ perquisite /'p3ikwizit; NAmE 'p3:rk-/ noun (formal) 1 [usually pi.] = perk n. 2 ~ (of sb) something to which sb has a special right because of their social position ft IX.; f (J ^ : Politics used to be the perquisite of the property-owning classes.

perry /‘peri/ noun [U] a slightly sweet alcoholic drink made from the juice of pears %M — compare cider per se /,p3i 'sei; NAmE ,p3:r/ adv. (from Latin) used meaning ‘by itself to show that you are referring to sth on its own, rather than in connection with other things : The drug is not harmful per se, but is dangerous when taken with alcohol. ft#l5ft^7c^, Ifi

perse-cute /'p3:sikju:t; NAmE 'p3irs-/ verb [VN] [often passive] 1 ~ sb (for sth) to treat sb in a cruel and unfair way, especially because of their race, religion or polit­ical beliefs (®nm,     ) |i*, m, &

ft: Throughout history, people have been persecuted for their religious beliefs. AfflS^Htfi Wffl^fttf $Jlf RM % 7 ® ftMft o o persecuted minorities ® ft|jf W ft W 2 to deliberately annoy sb all the time and make their life unpleasant M ft ; IT ft; % ■ ■ ■ ft ft ffl ETi71 harass : Why are the media persecuting him like this?

► per-se-cu-tion