PGCE /_pi: d3i: si: 'i:/ noun the abbreviation for ‘Postgraduate Certificate in Education’ ：(a British teaching qualification taken by people who have a university degree)研究生教育证书（全写为Postgraduate Certificate in Education,有大学学位者取得的英国教师资 格证书）

pH /,pi: 'eitj/ noun [sing.] {chemistry 4t) a measurement of the level of acid or alkali in a solution or substance. In the pH range of 0 to 14 a reading of below 7 shows an acid and of above 7 shows an alkali. * pH 值（溶液

或物质的酸碱度。pH值介于0至14, 7以下为酸，7以 上为碱）：a pff 〇/7.5 * pH 值 7.5 ◊ to test the pH 〖eveZ 〇/theS〇i〖测试土壤的酸碱度

phago-cyte /'faegasait/ noun {biology 4) a type of cell present in the body that is able to absorb bacteria and other small cells 吞噬细胞

phal-anx /'faslaeriks/ noun {format) a group of people or things standing very close together 密秦的 A (’ 或东

西）；方阵

phal.lic /'faelik/ 〇〇[/•. of or like a phallus 似阴垄的；阴莖 的：phaHic ^ymbok阴茎的象征為 phal.locen.tric /.faBlau'sentrik; NAmE -lou's-/ adj. related to men, male power, or the phallus as a of male power男性中心的；阳具中心的>卩1«1- locen-trism /.faelau'sentnzam; NAmE -lou's-/ noun [U] phal-lus /'faelas/ nouni {techrttcal the male sexual organ，especially when it is erect (=stiff)(尤指勃起 的）由莲 2 a model or an image of the male sexual organ that represents power and fertility 阴垄模型， 阴茎图像（力量与生殖力的象征） phan-tasm /'faBntaBzam/ noun {formal) a thing seen in the imagination 幻觉；治影；幻想 EEEI illusion phan-tas-ma goria /.faentaezma'gDria; NAmE -'go:r-/ noun [sing.] {formal) a changing scene of real or imagined figures, for example as seen in a dream or created as an effect in a (真实或幻觉形象

的）变换情景，幻觉效应► phan.tas.ma.gor.ical /-.gunkl; NAmE -'goir-; -'ga:r-/ adj. phan-tasy noun [c, U] (old use) = fantasy phantom /'faentem/ noun, adj.

■                   noun 1 a ghost 鬼；鬼$;幽灵：the phantom 〇/ /iis dead/ather 他已故父亲的幽灵 2 a thing that exists only in your imagination 觉；幻象

■                   fldf/ [onty before noun] .1 like a GHOST 像鬼的；幽灵似 的：a phantom horsemari 幽灵似的骑士 2 existing only in your imagination幻觉的；幻秦的；虚幻的：phantom prq/ifc虚幻的利润◊ phantom iZ〖/iesse5幻觉备病◊ a phantom pregnancy (= a condition in which a woman seems to be pregnant but in fact is not)精神性假妊娠

phantom 'limb noun [medical E) the feeling that an arm or a leg that has had to be removed is still there 幻 肢（截肢者觉得肢体犹存的感觉） phar-aoh /'fearau; NAmE 'ferou/ noun a ruler of ancient Egypt法老（古埃及国王)

Phari-see /'faerisi:/ noun 1 a member of an ancient Jewish group who followed religious laws and teaching very strictly法利赛人（严守律法的古犹太教派成员） 2 (disapproving) a person who is very proud of the fact that they have high religious and moral standards, but who does not care enough about other people 自诬圣 洁者；自恃清髙者；伪善者Baa hypocrite pharma-ceut-ical /.faima'suitikl; -'sju:-; NAmE ,fa:rma- 'su:-/ adj., noun

■                   adj. [only before noun] connected with making and selling drugs and medicines制药的；配药的；卖药的： pharmaceutical products 药物.◊ the pharmaceutical i‘mfu5try制药业

• noun [usually pi.] (technical ^：t^) a drug or medicine 15 物：t/ie development 〇/ new pharmaceuricaZs 新药的开发 ◊ the pharmaceuticaZs industry 药物业 pharma-cist /'faimasist; NAmE 'fairm-/ noun 1 {NAmE also drug-gist) a person whose job is to prepare medicines and sell or give them to the public in a shop/store or in a hospital 药剂师：We Aad to wait for the pharmacist to make up her prescription. ^ 只得等药剂师给她配好药。一compare chemist(I) 2 pharma-dsfs {pi. pharma-cists) (6r£) a shop that sells medicines 药店；药 ‘ ：They sell vitamin supplements

1485        pheasant

at the pharmacist’s.那药店卖维生素补剂。一compare chemist(2) — see also pharmacy pharma-colo-gist /.faima'kDlad^st; .fairma'kail-/ now/7 a scientist who studies pharmacology 药物学家；

药理学家

pharma-col-ogy /.faima'kDladsi; NAmE .farrme'kail-/ noun [U] the scientific study of drugs and their use in medicine 药物学；药每学► pharma.co.logic.al /,fa:m8k0'lDd3ikl; NAmE ,fa:rmaka'la:d3-/ adj. ： pharma- coZogicaLresearch 药物学研究

pharma.co.poeia (NAmE also pharma.co.peia)

/.faimaka'piia; NAmE ,fa:rma-/ noun [technical an official book containing a list of medicines and drugs and instructions for their use 药典 pharmacy /'faimasi; NAmE 'fairm-/ noun {pi. -ies) 1 [c] a shop/store, or part of one, that sells medicines and drugs 药房；药店；医药柜台一compare chemist(2), drugstore 2 [C] a place in a hospital where medicines are prepared (医院的）药房，配药室一see also dispensary(I) 3 [U] the study of how to prepare medicines and drugs药剂学；制药学 pha-ryn-geal /f0'rmd3ial; .faerm'djial/ adj., noun

■                   〇<//. (mWco/ 医）relating to the pharynx

mnoun (also pha.ryngeal consonant) {phonetics a speech sound produced by the root of the tongue using tfie pharynx 南音

pha-ryn.gitis Afaerin_d3artis/ /7〇w/? [u] (med/cfl/ .医)’ a condition in wliich the throat is red and sore 咽炎 pharynx /'faenijks/ noun {pi. pha-ryn-ges /f8'rmd3i:z/) (anatomy M) the soft area at the top of the throat where the passages to the nose and mouth connect with the throat 咽一picture 〇■ body phase 〇-w /feiz/ noun, verb

■                   noun 1 a stage in a process of change or development

阶段；时期：during the _/iirst/next/Zast p/iase 在第一 / 卞 一 / 最后命段◊ the   phase 〇/ the project 工

程的初始/最后阶段◊ a critical/decisivephase关键性/ 决定性阶段◊ the design phase设计阶段◊ Ms anxiety about the work was _/ust a passing phase•他对工作的由

..心只是暂时的。◊ sAe’s going through a       phase.

她正处时期。◊ rhe wedding marked the begin­ning o/a new phase fn Emma’s h/e.. 婚礼标志着埃玛生活 新阶段的开始。2 each of the shapes of the moon as we see it from the earth at different times of the month 月 相；（月亮的）盈亏 in phase/out of phase (with sth) (6r£) working/not working together in the right way 访调；不协调：7?ie_ traj^'c iighis were out 〇/phase. 红绿灯信号不协调。

■                   verb [VN] (usually passive] to arrange to do sth gradually

in stages over a period of time 分阶段进行；逐步做： the phased ivitftdrawaZ 〇/troops      the area 从该地区

分痛逐步的撤军_〇 Ciosure qf the hospitak was phased over a three-year period.这些医院的关闭是在三年期间逐 步进行的。仙丨邏.phase sth^'in to introduce or start using sth gradually in stages over a period of time 逐步 引入分阶段开始：rhe new tax wiH be phased in over two years•森税种将在两年内逐步实Rc,phasesthH 'out to stop using sth gradually in stages over a period of time 逐步废除：Subsidies to farmers will be phased out by next year.对农民的补贴将善明年之前逐步废除。

phut ffaet/ adj. (slang, especially NAm£) very good 精彩 的；奉的

phat-ic /'faetik/ adj. (linguistics relating to language used for social purposes rather than to give information or ask questions纯交际性的；寒暄交际的：pharic communication

PhD (also Ph.D. especially in /VAwf) /,pi: eitj 'di:/ noun the abbreviation for ‘Doctor of Philosophy5 (a university degree of a very high level that is given to sb who has done research in a particular subject)哲学博士学位，博 士学位（全写为Doctor of Philosophy,授予完成某学科研 究者的髙级学位）：to be/have/do aPhD是一位博士； 有博士学位；攻读博士学位◊ Arnie 77iom〇5, PhD安妮• 托马斯博士

phea-sant /'feznt/ noun [C, u] (p/. phea-sants or phea­sant) a large bird with a long tail, the male of which is