PGCE /,pi:
d3i: si: 'i:/ noun the abbreviation for
‘Postgraduate Certificate in Education’ (a British teaching qualification taken
by people who have a university degree) Postgraduate
Certificate
in Education, ^ A# & ^ # 65 SI 'if ^
*&i£# )
pH /,pi: 'eitj-/
noun [sing.] (chemistry 4k)
a measurement of the level of acid or alkali
in a solution or
substance. In the pH range of 0 to 14 a reading of below 7 shows an acid and of
above 7 shows an alkali. * pH {S ( ]£&M65$«*£o 14, 7
&
± AjF£ )
: a
pH of 7.5 * pH it 7.5 0 to test the pH level
of the soil j*|ij£±:fc65&lfcK
phago cyte /'faegasait/ noun (biology X)
a type of cell present in the body that is able to absorb bacteria and other
small cells
phalanx /'faelaerjks/ noun (format) a group of people or
things standing very close together A
('b& %
M) ; 1SW
phal lic /‘faelik/ adj. of or like a phallus
Pfj %65; BfjH; 65: phallic symbols
phallocen-tric /.faelau’sentrik; NAmE -lou's-/ adj. (format) related to men, male
power, or the phallus as a symbol of male power J§14 4* X 65; PB M: 41 X 65 ► phal
locen-trism /.faelau'sentrizam; NAmE -lou's-/ noun [U] phallus /'faelas/ noun 1 (technical A if) the male sexual organ, especially when it is erect (=stiff) ( A 65 ) I ^ 2 a model
or an image of the male sexual organ that represents power and fertility Pf]l£!IS!,
vmmmi ()
phan tasm /'faentaezam/ noun (format) a thing seen in the imagination £7FA; £]*g BuEl illusion
phantasmagoria /.faentaezma'gDria; NAmE -’goir-/ noun [sing.]
(formal) a changing scene of real or imagined
figures, for example as seen in a dream or created as an effect in a film/movie
(
65 ) JS:, ► phan-tas-magor-ical /-'gnrikl;
NAmE -'go:r-; -'ga:r-/
adj. phan tasy noun [C, U] (old use) = fantasy phantom /'faentam/ noun, adj.
m noun 1 a ghost ®
M: the phantom of his
dead father 4tkBi!ES[5£^65^jA2a
thing that exists only in your imagination £7f£
■ adj. [only before noun] 1 like a ghost $.%$}; ® jjU&l 65: a phantom
horseman t&)A<.fi765M± 2 existing only in your
imagination £7jj&65; £7^65; Fi£765:
phantom profits 0 £7
65 0 phantom illnesses £7 ^ ^ <> a
phantom pregnancy (= a condition in which
a woman seems to be pregnant but in fact is not) phantom 'limb noun (medical lg) the feeling that
an arm or a leg that has had to be removed is still there £7
m (>
phar aoh /'fearau; NAmE 'ferou/ noun a ruler of ancient
Pharisee /'faerisi:/ noun 1 a member of an ancient
Jewish group who followed religious laws and teaching very strictly ft M %
A ( r^#&65i« AfStMM
) 2 (disapproving) a person who is very
proud of the fact that they have high religious and moral standards, but who
does not care enough about other people g i$| IE mm%; #/## Baa hypocrite pharma ceutical /.faima'suitikl;
-'sju:-; NAmE .farrma-
'su:-/ adj., noun
•
adj. [only
before noun] connected with making and
selling drugs and medicines
M1565; BE
15
65; 15 65:
pharmaceutical products gj % o the
pharmaceutical industry
•
noun [usually pi.] (technical A
iff) a drug or medicine
: the development of new pharmaceuticals §rl5657f % o the
pharmaceuticals industry 15 pharma-cist /’faimasist; NAmE ’fa:rm-/
noun 1 (NAmE also drug-gist) a person whose job is
to prepare medicines and sell or give them to the public in a shop/store or in
a hospital 15 IF1! : We had to wait for the
pharmacist to make up her prescription. {|7 R # # M ft'J
!lip In BE Kf
15
o
— compare
chemist(I) 2 pharma-cist’s (pi. pharma cists) (firf) a shop that
sells medicines 15 0; 15 h: They sell vitamin supplements
1485 pheasant
at the pharmacist’s. 0 — compare
chemist(2) —
see also pharmacy pharma colo gist /.farma'knladsist; NAmE .fairma'kail-/ noun a scientist who
studies pharmacology
pharma cology /,fa:ma'kDlad3i; NAmE .fairma'kail-/ noun
[U] the scientific study of drugs and their use in medicine 15 ^ ; 15 S # ►
pharma-co-logic-al
/.faimaka’lnd^kl;
NAmE .fairmaka'laid3-/ adj.: pharmacological research I5$j^®f2t
pharmacopoeia (NAmE also pharma-co-peia)
/,fa:maka‘pi:a; NAmE .fairma-/ noun (technical X
iff) an official book containing a list of medicines and drugs and instructions
for their use 15^ phar-macy /'faimasi; NAmE ‘fairm-/ noun (pi. -ies)
1
[c]
a shop/store, or part of one, that sells medicines and drugs 15jg|; 15 /£; El 15 #el o' — compare chemist(2), drugstore 2 [c] a place in a hospital where medicines
are prepared ( E ^ 65 ) 15 ^ , BE 15 iE — see also dispensary(I) 3 [U] the study of how to prepare medicines
and drugs 15^]^; ®?5^ pha ryn geal /fa'nnd3ial; ,faerm'd3ial/ adj., noun
•
adj. (medical E) relating to the
pharynx Pi 65
•
noun (also pha.ryngeal 'consonant) (phonetics ilf^)
a speech sound produced by the root of the tongue using the PHARYNX PlTl
pharyngitis /,faerin'd3aitis/ noun [u] (medical E)
a condition in which the throat is red and sore ngffc pharynx /'faenrjks/ noun (pi. pha-ryn-ges /fa'rmd3i:z/) (anatomy ffl) the soft area at the
top of the throat where the passages to the nose and mouth connect with the
throat Pi — picture c> body phase 0-w /feiz/ noun, verb
•
noun 1 a stage in a process
of change or development Eft-li; ; during the first/next/last phase ~ /
~F — /Mis Bfrit 0 the initial/final phase of the project
X
Bfrik
o a critical/decisive phase /
O
the design phase iiit if g 0 His anxiety about
the work was just a passing phase. 4lfe^X#65fi R ft W 65 o 0 She’s
going through a difficult phase.
b The wedding marked
the beginning of anew phase in Emma’s life.
§11^^657?^o 2 each of the shapes of the moon as we see
it from the earth at different times of the month 7!
( M ^E&5 ) S Ar FEIMi in phase/out of phase (with
sth) (BrE) working/not
working together in the right way : The
traffic lights were out of phase.
•
verb [VN] (usually passive] to arrange to do sth
gradually
in stages over a period
of time HkiF#:
the phased withdrawal of
troops from the area TAi^ftfeK
0
Closure of the hospitals was phased over a three-year period. 65^03
7FlftfT65o
BH3E1
.phase sth^'in to introduce or start using sth gradually in stages
over a period of time 3I A; AABftiS:: The
new tax will be phased in over two years. lAl.phase sth—
out to stop using sth
gradually in stages over a period of time M 7F M : Subsidies
to farmers will be phased out by next year.
phat /faet/ adj. (slang, especially NAmE) very good
65;
mm
phat-ic /'faetik/ adj. (linguistics iff
g) relating to language used for social purposes rather than to give
information or ask questions £$3£^4£65; ^0135^65: phatic communication
i$
PhD (also Ph.D. especially in NAmE) /.pi: eitj 'di:/ noun the abbreviation for
‘Doctor of Philosophy (a university degree of a very high level that is given
to sb who has done research in a particular subject) W
( lkTj/1 Doctor of Philosophy,
) : to be/have/do a PhD ±;
o Anne Thomas, PhD %% •
phea sant /'feznt/ noun [C, U] (pi. phea-sants or pheasant) a large bird with a
long tail, the male of which is