'plumb line noun a piece of thick string with a weight attached to one end, used to find the depth of water or to test whether a wall, etc. is straight (

aw) mmm,

plume /plurm/ noun 1 a cloud of sth that rises and curves upwards in the air  : a plume of smoke

2 a large feather     a black hat with

an ostrich plume Hir —A' 3 a group of feathers or long thin pieces of material tied together and often used as a decoration (

W 37 -%, 37Wfa; 33 — see also nom de plume

plumed /‘pluimd/ adj. having or decorated with a plume or plumes # 33 A W; ffl 33 ft tfr W: a plumed helmet — S!]33tfp^i

plum-met /'plAmit/ verb [V] to fall suddenly and quickly from a high level or position H Sk ; i§ I# BTl plunge : Share prices plummeted to an all-time low. Jj£ ® iff l& H %k III Efj ft M. o O Her spirits plummeted at the thought of meeting him again. — H f !j X H JE fij ftfe, MWftfifJlJL&ft'tfi,, 0 The jet plummeted into a row of houses.

plummy /'piAmi/ adj. 1 (BrE, informal, usually disap­proving) (of a voice # h ) having a sound that is typical of upper-class English people       ill| W; W: a

plummy accent — g>j jjfr % W ® US 2 like a plum in colour, taste, etc. ( Ml#      ) H#AW

plump /plAmp/ od/'., verb

                  adj. (plump er, plump-est) 1 having a soft, round body; slightly fat ft$£W; #|[$W: a short, plump woman * AJUJftW&A 0 a plump face f&tiWffiife 2 looking soft, full and attractive to use or eat ft W; ft iji W; tftii W: plump cushions ft Wife A 0 plump tomatoes MM Wif/liq ►plump-ness noun [U]

mverb [VN] ~ sth (up) to make sth larger, softer and rounder fH $ A; {£ M ; fel jg HI: He leaned forward while the nurse plumped up his pillows. {ikjiwJ 6% T $

A, it. idfls4ri ' plump for sb/sth

(,informal) to choose sb/sth from a number of people or things, especially after thinking carefully tHJrMAS;

plum 'pudding noun [u, C] (old-fashioned, BrE) = Christmas pudding

,plum to'mato noun an Italian tomato that is long and thin, rather than round ( JcAf'J ) plun der /'plAnda(r)/ verb, noun

                  verb to steal things from a place, especially using force during a time of war ( A3b /fcSLN'ii® A ) ffttfe,

HTTl loot : [V] The troops crossed the country, plunder­ing and looting as they went.

0 [VN] The abbey had been plundered of its valuables. ^ W 5Mtfe $ -* o — compare pillage ► plun- der-er noun

m noun [U] 1 the act of plundering ft ft; ft # 2 things that have been stolen, especially during a war, etc. ( A tit $;#-ft ) ft^.WWTI^ — compare pillage plunge /plAnd3/ verb, noun

m verb 1 {+adv./prep.] to move or make sb/sth move suddenly forwards and/or downwards  itiRT1 (

T ^ ) : [V] She lost her balance and plunged 100 feet to her death,  /A 100 £RWi^t&T#5ETo

o [VN] The earthquake plunged entire towns over the edge

of the cuffs.    2 m

(of prices, temperatures, etc. ftft, to decrease

suddenly and quickly iife; H |$$; ^ ^ PI771 plum­met: Stock markets plunged at the news of the coup.

3 [V +adv./prep.} (of a road, surface, etc. 11 j& , ^ M to slope down steeply &|lll||itfe WT{®$3: The track plunged down into the valley. IDM CU #o 4 [V] to move up

and down suddenly and violently ( ®]$1 ) MW.,

The horse plunged and reared. S,®ffllill al o 0 {figurative) His heart plunged (= because of a strong emotion). jlfeWAf¥ftfiL©L CEDIS .plunge ’in | plunge into sth 1 to jump into sth, especially with force ( ATafflAitfe ) ftA,  The pool was declared

open and eager swimmers plunged in. W Wfk ^]|#i[ # if n , M ft W A sft M W ©fc A ftfe rp o 2 to start doing sth in an enthusiastic way, especially without thinking

carefully about what you are doing ifSA; jg $ ff : She was about to plunge into her story when the phone rang. MJWE-jlqAfei£i$To 0 He’s always plunging in at the deep end (= becoming involved in difficult situations without being well enough prepared), fife  M M # A M It»

.plunge sth in | .plunge sth into sth to push sth quickly and with force into sth else S/jffiA; fUS: She plunged the knife deep into his chest. M fG.77 A Jft $0 life W y It o .plunge 'into sth 1 = plunge in 2 to experience sth unpleasant ^5 jfj, If] A ( A fA (K) y ) : The country plunged deeper into recession, gfl A Sit)®—^PSA^'/^^^Ao .plunge sb/sth ’into sth to make sb/sth experience sth unpleasant fjgj&'fff, If] A ( A 'ft A1# ) : The news plunged them into deep depression. & A #1     IP {$ fife 17 'M ifS M ^ 0 0 There was

a flash of lightning and the house was plunged into darkness. WfelXJiii J^APSA^AMBhAAo

noun [usually sing.] 1 a sudden movement downwards or away from sth   EDO drop: The

calm water ends there and the river begins a headlong plunge. A#        A»r, ff        MT «

2 ~ (in sth) a sudden decrease in an amount or the value of sth ( ffrfc, Mlft ) WM HE!

drop: a dramatic plunge in profits fj/l'f 3 ~ into sth the act of becoming involved in a situation or activity# A; #% The company is planning a deeper plunge into the commercial market. & A JEif $J ® • A K A ^ ik A Tk o 4 an act of jumping or diving into water; a quick swim 7jc ; 1& il M : He took the plunge into the deep end. [MkA^TKE.* o She went for a plunge. MAiW'bkT„ IT>T?71 take the ’plunge (informal) to decide to do sth important or difficult, especially after thinking about it for a long time (

‘plunge pool noun a small deep artificial pool filled with cold water, especially one that you jump into in order to get cooler after a sauna (

aw ) ^7kttfe

plun ger /'plAnd3a(r)/ noun 1 a part of a piece of equip­ment that can be pushed down ttH; jglg — picture o cafetiere, laboratory 2 a piece of equipment used for clearing kitchen and bathroom pipes, that consists of a rubber cup fixed to a handle ( ikillfilTB W > Wf

plun ging /'plAnd3ir)/ adj. (of a dress, blouse, etc.

M, A cut in a deep V shape at the front

W; [HlWJ; a plunging neckline Uf

plunk /plAqk/ verb [VN] (informal) 1 [+adv./prep.] (NAmE) = plonk v.: He plunked the package down on the desk. fife 7E & Mi ife MM A A ± o 2 to play a guitar, a keyboard, etc. with your fingers and produce a rough unpleasant sound   gij# ( Aftfe.        ) ►plunk

noun: the plunk, plunk of the banjo      W ^ A

IJihlfi plunk down sth to pay money for sth, espe­cially a large amount SAAT; RHA

plu per fect /,plu:‘p3:fikt; NAmE -'p3:rf-/ noun {grammar ®A) = PAST PERFECT

plural /'pluaral; NAmE 'plural/ noun, adj.

m noun {grammar iff A) {abbr. pi.) a form of a noun or verb that refers to more than one person or thing ( £ ifc ^ m W ) % m ,       The plural of ‘child’ is

‘children’. * child —children0 0 The verb should be in the plural.

— compare singular n.

adj. 1 {grammar i§ A) {abbr. pi.) connected with or having the plural form     Most

plural nouns in English end in ‘s’. W

s^lo 2 relating to more than one a plural society (= one with more than one racial, reli­gious, etc. group) AAA A

plur al ism /'pluarolizom; NAmE 'plur-/ noun [U] {formal) 1 the existence of many different groups of people in one society, for example people of different races or of different political or religious beliefs AAA, A A14

( aiw]#$l   ):

cultural pluralism Aft W A7n'l4 2 the belief that it is possible and good for different groups of people to live