precipit ous /pri'siprtas/ adj. {formal) 1 very steep, high and often dangerous 5$ ift ; & W ; (ft Em sheer : precipitous cliffs A& (ft AS S o a pre­cipitous drop at the side of the road ill®—#(ftfkffi 2 sudden and great % $ (ft; §g j& (ft ; & IS 1$ Em abrupt: a precipitous decline in exports tB P (ft JlfST |# 3 done very quickly, without enough thought or care ^ $ (ft ; ^ (ft ; Ift Em hasty : a

precipitous action      ► pre-cipit-ous-ly adv.: The

land dropped precipitously down to the rocky shore, f&ffi §«, TAJi«^Xlft^)£o 0 The dollar plunged precipitously. H jt It T o 0 We don’t want to act precipitously. flTX®       see also precipice

pre-cis /'preisi:; NAmE prei'si:/ noun [C, Li] {pi. pre-cis /-siiz/) a short version of a speech or a piece of writing that gives the main points or ideas 3?; Ml?; A#d pm summary : to write/give/make a precis of a report  pre-cis verb (pre-cises

/-si:z/, pre cis ing /-siurj/, pre-cised, pre-cised /-si:d/): [VN] to precis a scientific report     Mic

pre cise <Hr /pri’sais/ adj.

1 clear and accurate WUfa W;

Em exact : precise details/instructions/measurements

0 Can you give a

more precise definition of the word?

5$ (ft A ? 0 I can be reasonably precise about the time of the incident. lift ^  1& til* ffi

BA 10) o O note at true 2 [only before noun] used to emphasize that sth happens at a particular time or in a particular way (      ) it, t£$F: We

were just talking about her when, at that precise moment, she walked in. tn^F^SXBA

, M A ® T o <> Doctors found it hard to establish the precise nature of her illness.

3 taking care to be exact and accurate, espe­cially about small details £BiSc(ft; f# Eft; iA M (ft; “ M X (ft Em meticulous : a skilled and precise worker $MkMiA.3D£ftXA 0 small, precise movements ffl # (ft # o (disapproving) She’s rather prim and precise.

— MX^Jo ITSTTC1 to be (more) precise used to show that you are giving more detailed and accurate information about sth you have just mentioned fift ty ; if 5$ J& : The shelf is about a metre longwell, 98cm, to be precise. ^ X j£ £tl — A 0 PI, MM, £98M*„ pre cise ly h-w /prTsaisli/ adv.

1 exactly if 5ft if; tftjEfif: They look precisely the same to me. ik ffc # ffe Cl (ft -k +0 — W:—# c 0 That’s precisely what I meant. IP tp fo fk 3% Eft M. JS e 0 It’s not clear precisely how the accident happened. A A

X &AX 11 it M o 0 The meeting starts at 2 o’clock precisely.     0 2 accurately; carefully ff

Bftff; if A'if; if if if: to describe sth precisely f# 5ft if o She pronounced the word very slowly and precisely. M if ft ffl 'M Wr if & /ft ii A % 0   3 used to

emphasize that sth is very true or obvious ( ]jg iH M ^ ) XU, 5ft^: It’s precisely because I care about you that I don’t like you staying out late. IE0 Afy&.A' ffc, AXJ*AP3Mo 4 used to emphasize that you agree with a statement, especially because you think it is obvious or is similar to what you have just said ( injpMiftiW ) ft-, MMnit, ~£XXI§: ‘It’s not that easy, is it?’ ‘No, precisely.’ IflfXIP BaE? ” “ft, (ftfiftXWJS. ” ESI more precisely used to show that you are giving more detailed and accurate information about sth you have just men­tioned Mfift'Kitift; Ilf^ifi#: The problem is due to discipline, or, more precisely, the lack of discipline, in schools. |pMMtOM, diMMfcE £Wo

pre ci sion /pn'sisn/ noun [U] the quality of being exact, accurate and careful )|f $ ; if 5ft ; gflSSc Em accuracy: done with mathematical precision (ft f# 51A J$, (ft o Historians can’t estimate the date with any (degree of) precision, A       if 5ft &X B

Sl]0 o He chose his words with precision. ]f ft] iw] 5ft if] 0 0 precision instruments/tools  / XM

1555 predator

pre-dude /pri'klurd/ verb ~ sth | ~ sb from doing sth

(formal) to prevent sth from happening or sb from doing sth; to make sth impossible Ail; ffi.it;     #

[VN] Lack of time precludes any further discussion. & XWf£Mi£A!fti«0 O [VN -ing] His reli­gious beliefs precluded him/his serving in the army, ff Eft [also V-ing]

pre-co-cious /pri'kaujas; NAmE -'kou-/ adj. (sometimes disapproving) (of a child JL f) having developed particular abilities and ways of behaving at a much younger age than usual       a

precocious child who started her acting career at the age of 5 * 5 0 sexually preco­cious 14        0 From an early age she displayed a preco­

cious talent for music. Aft-Fltf)

K0 pre co cious ly adv.: a precociously talented child pre-co-city /pri'kDsati; NAmE -'kai-/ (also pre-co-cious-ness) noun [U]: his unusual precocity

precogni tion /.priikog'mjn; NAmE -ka:g-/ noun [U] (formal) the knowledge that sth will happen in the future, that sb has because of a dream or a sudden

feeling M^n, fAfl, Aft (

pre-Columbian /,pri: ka'lAmbian/ adj. connected with N and S America and their cultures before the arrival of Columbus in 1492       ift

pre con ceived /,pri:kan'si:vd/ adj. [only before noun] (of ideas, opinions, etc. ® E®, % & formed before you have enough information or experience of sth (ft; M M Eft : Before I started the job, I had no precon­ceived notions of what it would be like. m,

pre-con-cep tion /.priikan'sepjn/ noun [c, usually pi., u] an idea or opinion that is formed before you have enough information or experience  A

A A A; Mi®;  ET371 assumption a book that

will challenge your preconceptions about rural life - A iSL W45 — compare misconception pre-con-di-tion /,pri:kan'dijn/ noun ~ (for/of sth) something that must happen or exist before sth else can exist or be done A A & If ; hu $! ETJ71 pre­requisite: A ceasefire is an essential precondition for negotiation.

pre-con-scious /.prii'knnjas; NAmE -'ka:n-/ adj. {psych­ology A') associated with a part of the mind from which memories and thoughts that have not been repressed can be brought to the surface itAll iA (ft (

&'j a       w (ft iatz fti ® m)

pre-cooked /,prir'kokt/ adj. (of food #^f) prepared and partly cooked in advance so that it can be quickly heated and eaten later M.HW; MA^HW pre cur sor /pri:‘k3:sa(r); NAmE -'k3irs-/ noun ~ (of/to sth) (formal) a person or thing that comes before sb/sth similar and that leads to or influences its development AK; A#; mM EEd forerunner ,pre-'cut adj. cut in advance and ready to use MAMW

,pre-'date (also ante-date) verb [VN] to be built or formed, or to happen, at an earlier date than sth else in the past #-X; A^-itJ® (         ) : Few of

the town’s fine buildings pre-date the earthquake of 1755.

11755 m2

POST-DATE

pre-da-tion /pri'deijn/ noun [U] (technical Ain) the act of an animal killing and eating other animals ( if $3

(ft) mt, mmtt%

preda tor /'pred9ta(r)/ noun 1 an animal that kills and eats other animals 1=t if : the relationship between predator and prey

2 (disapproving) a person or an organization that uses weaker people for their own advantage A ( ) ; illfi]#;       : to protect domestic

industry from foreign predators  X At X Ah A

mm