or fair 正常量；合理的量：As part 〇/ the
diet, aiZow yoursd/ a smaH ciai〖y ration 〇/ sugar.作为饮食的，一.部 分，每天要摄入少量的糖。◊广ve had my ration 〇/ problems for one day~you ded with it/ 我手头的问题已
经够我忙活一天的了——你来处理这件事吧！
■ ve/i? [VN] [often passive]〜sb/sth (to sth) to limit the amount of
sth that sb is allowed to have, especially because there is not enough of it
available 限定…的 量；定量供应；配给：取 were
rationed during the war. 战争期间，鸡蛋限量供应。◊ The viHagers
are rationed to two Htres 〇/water a day.村民每天的用水量限定为两
升0 — see also rationing
ra*tion-al /'raejnal/ adj. 1
(of behaviour, ideas, etc.
为、思想_) based on reason rather than emotions■合理 的；理性知；明智的：a rationai
argument/chofce/ decision 合S 的也点/选择/决定◊ rationaZ anaZysis/ thought 有道 S
的斗也 /思# ◊ There is no
rationaZ explanation/or his actions.对也的所作所为无法作出合理
的解释。2 (of
a person 人）able to think clearly and make decisions
based on reason rather than emotions 理智的；清醒的 BCG3
reasonable: No rational person wouZd ever behave
Zifce that.有头脑的人都不会这样做。
PTira irrational ► ra-tion-aMty /.raeja'naelati/
noun [U]: the mriondity 〇/ his argument 他的论点的合理性
ra-tion-al-ly /'raejnali/ adv. ： to act/behave/think ration- aHy行动/傘止/思老合情合理◊ She argued her case caZm〖y and rarionaHy.她各静而又理智地为她的情况辩
解。
ra-tion-ale /xse^'Tiail;
ra-tion-al-ist /'raejnalist/ noun a
person who believes in rationalism 逼性主义者；唯理论者►ra.tion.al.ist (also ra-tion-al-is-tic /.raejna'listik/) adj. [usually
before noun]： a ratio/iaiisric
position 理性主义立场 ra-tion-ai-ize (BrE also
-ise)
/'raejnalaiz/
verb 1 to find or try to find
a logical reason to explain why sb thinks, behaves, etc. in a way that is
difficult to understand 对…进行理性的解释；对…加以科学的说明：[VN] an attempt to rationalize his
violent behaviour 行为出合理解释的尝试[also V] 2 (8/f) to
make changes to a business, system, etc. in order to make it more efficient,
especially by spending less money 进
行合理化改革；使有经济效益：[VN]rwemy workers 〖ost their jobs vv/ien
the department was mtionaHzed•在部:门 的合理化改革中，有二十名工人失业。[also V]o note at cut ► ra-tion-aS-iza-tion, -isa.tion /.raBj'nalai'zeiJ'n;
NAmE -la'z-/ noun [U, C] ： No amount of rationalization c〇ddju5t办hisactiorw.无论怎么解释，他的行为都不能
说是运当尚。◊ a need /or rationalization 〇/ the industry 对这一行业进行合理化改革的必要性
'rational
number noun
{mathematics a number that can be
expressed as the ratio of two
whole numbers有理数
ra-tion-ing
/'raejami]/
noun [U] the policy of limiting the amount of
food, fuel, etc. that people are allowed to have when there is not enough for
everyone to have as much as they want定量配给政策；配给制
'rat
pack noun [sing.+sing./pl.
v.] (BrE,
disapproving) journalists and photographers who follow famous people
around in a way which makes their lives unpleasant鼠帮（指追踪骚扰名人的新闻或摄影记者} the
'rat race noun [sing.] {disapproving) the
way of life of people living and working in a large city where people compete
in an aggressive way with each other in order to be more successful, earn more
money, etc.
(大城市里为财富、权力等的）疯狂竞争，你死我活的
竞争
'rat run noun {BrE, informal) a
small road, especially one with houses on it, used by drivers during busy times
when the main roads are fiill of traffic (开车.者在高峰
时段为避开拥挤的大路而行驶其间的）小街
1643 ravage
rats /raets/ exclamation {informal) used to show that you
are annoyed about sth (表示气恼）该死，可恶：Rats/ J/orgot my gtoses.该死！ 忘了#眼礒。
rat-tan /rae'taen/ noun [U] a SE Asian climbing plant with long
thin strong stems used especially
for making furniture藤（东南亚蔓生植物，茎干多用于做家具）：a rattan chair 藤椅
,rat-1 tat
(also
,rat-a-tat-'tat)
noun [sing.] the sound of knocking, especially on a door (敲击声，尤指敲门声）
吧嗒，嗒嗒
rat-tie /'raetl/ verb, noun
m verb {informal) 1 to
make a series of short loud sounds when hitting against sth hard; to make sth
do this (使）发出咔塔咔嗒的声音：[V] Every
time a bus went past, the windows ratrfed每逢公共汽^经过这里，窗户 都格格作响。[also
VN] 2 [V +f?c/v./prep.] jof a vehicle 车辆） to make a series of
short loud sounds as it moves some- where (运行时）发出连续短促的高声：Aconvoyo/ trucfcs ratrfed by•卡车队隆隆驶过。3
[VN]
to make sb nervous or frightened 也^也；使恐惧 H771
unnerve： He was dearZy mttZed
by the question•这个问题显然令 他感到紧张。_see also sabre-rattling IT»T?1
.rattle sb’s
'cage (/n/omw/) to annoy sb 骚扰；使恼怒：Who’s ratrted his cage?谁—他生气 J? .rattle
a'round
| ,
rattle a'round sth (informal)
to
be living, working, etc. in a room or building that is too big 在空荡的大房
子里居住（或工作等）.：She spent the last few
years alone, rattling around the old family home, iitfe ^ tM： ft 后几年，一个人居住在空空荡荡的老宅子里。，rattle sth— 'off to say sth from memory without having to
think too hard也口而出；不假思索地说出：She can rattZe 〇牙 t/ie names o/aH the
presidents o/t/ie [7S•她可.以不假思秦
地说出所有美国总统的名字。，rattle
_ on (about sth) {informal)
to
talk continuously about sth that is not important or interesting, especially in
an annoying way 对…喋喋不休
• noun 1 (also rat-tling) [usually sing.] a
series of short loud sounds made when hard objects hit against each other—连串短促尖厉的撞击声；咔嗒声：the rattieo/ gun/ire 轰隆轰隆的炮火声◊ From the
kitchen came a ratt/ing oj cups and saucers.从厨房里传来叮叮当当杯盘
相碰的声音。一see also death
rattle 2 a bab/s toy that makes a series of short loud sounds when it is
shaken 拨浪鼓 3 (8r£) a wooden
object that is held in one hand and makes a series of short loud sounds when
you spin it round, used, for example, by people watching a sports game响板（在体育比g等中观众用来
助阵）
rattle-snake /'raetlsneik/ (also informal rat-tier /'raetl8(r)/) noun a poisonous American snake that makes a
noise like a rattle with its tail when it is angry or afraid响尾蛇（产于美洲）
rat-tling /'raetliq/ adv. ~ good {old-fashioned,
BrE) very good 很；非常：77ii5 boofc is a
rattling good read•这:ji
一本非常好的读物。
ratty /'raeti/ adj. 1 (BrE,
informal) becoming angry very easily 易怒的；暴鹼的 HTTl
grumpy, irritable ： He gets
ratty i/ /ie doesn’t get enough sieep•他要是睡眠不足 动不动森查脾气。2 (A//A/d£，in bad condition 糟糕的；状况差的 B〇a SHABBY: long ratty hair 蓬蓬的长发◊ a ratty oid
pair 〇/jeans破旧的牛仔裤
3
looking like a rat 兪鼠的
rau.cous /.ro:kas/ flt/y. sounding loud and rough 束ij 耳 的；尖厉知：raucous daughter刺耳的笑声.◊
a raucous voice 沙哑的声音◊ a group 〇/ raucous young men —群 ► rau-cous-ly adv. rau-cous-ness noun [U]
raunchy /'rointli/ adj. {informaf) 1 intended to be
sexually exciting 淫秽的.；下流的 SHI sexy:
a raimchy magazine ^ 0 Their
stage act is a little too
raunchy/or tdevisfon.他们的舞台表演有点儿太淫秽了，
不适合上电视。2 looking dirty and
untidy 肮脏
的；邋遢的：a raunchy oW man邋遢的老头子
rav-age /'raevid3/
verb [VN] [usually passive]
to damage sth badly毁环；损坏；严重损害S3E3 devastate : a country ravaged by ciW〖 war ii受内战重创的国家