.rearguard 'action r?own [usually sing.] a struggle to change or stop sth
even when it is not likely that you will succeed —抗到底；最后挣扎：They have been fighting a rearguard
action for two years to stop their house being demofe/ied.两年杂，为了不让拆除他们的房
子，；f也们一直在进行最后的努力。
rearing /'riarirj; NAmE 'nriij/ noun [u] 1 the process of caring
for children as they grow up, teaching them how to behave as members of society
抚养；养育；培养 2 the process of breeding animals or birds and caring
for them as they grow 饲养：livestock rearing rearm /ri'a:m; NAmE -'a:rm/ verb to obtain, or supply sb ■with,
new or better weapons，armies, etc.重新武舍；重 §r ^ ： [V] The country was
forbidden to rearm under
tfte terms 〇/the treaty, i据条约规定，这个国家不允许
重新武装。0 [VN] Rebe〖 troops were
being rearmed.叛军
在进行重新装备。►re.arma.ment/rila:mMn3nt;
/V/\/r?£ -'airm-/ noun [U]
rearmost /'rramaust; NAmE 'nrmoust/ adj. (formal) furthest back 最靠后的；最后面的：the rearmost section o/the aircrq/t、机的最后鈿
re-arrange /,ri：0'remd3/ verb [VN] 1 to change the position or order of things;
to change your position M 新排列；改变位置：Wle’ve rearranged the
y^miture i/i the bedroom.我们重新摆放了卧室里的家具。◊ She rearranged
herself in another pose, 〇
2 to change the time, date or place, .of an
event 安 排；改变时间（或日期、地点）BX3 RESCHEDULE : Can we rearrange the
meeting for next Tuesday at 2? ^ 们把会议改到下周二下午两点&吗？ ► rearrangement noun [C, U]
,rear-view 'mirror noun a mirror in which a driver can
see the traffic behind 后视镜一picture o
面的座位
SYNONYMS同义词辨析 reason
grounds ♦ excuse ♦
motive ♦ need ♦ justification ♦ cause ♦ pretext
These are all words for a cause
or an explanation for sth that has happened or that sb has done.褐:上各词均.指事 情发生或做某事的原因、理由、解释。
reason a cause or an
explanation for sth that has happened or that sb has done; a fact that makes it
right or fair to do sth指某事发生或做某事的原因、理由、解
:释、.、:正.当理由、道理： mwon.他说不行，但没有说明原因。
^roun<)s
[rather
format) a good or true reason for saying, doing or believing
sth指说、做或相信某事的允
分理:由.、根据：V"〇w_ have no grawnds /or comp/<7/>jf.你 廣寶埵由抱释。
excuse a reason, either
true or invented, that you give to explain or defend your behaviour; a good
reason that you give for doing sth that you want to do for other reasons指为自己行为所作的辩於、借口、理由：
汰/s :返到胸K你
.■这没有:什么借口？:◊ /f we
.fl/r .excuse to the
car.这使我有理由开车去了。
motive a ..reason that explains sb’s behaviour 指动机、 原因：There seemed to be no motive for the murder.
这起谋杀案看不出有什么动机。
need (usually used in
negative statements) a good reason to do sth (常用于否定句）指必細、需要：
There is no need for you to get
up early tomorrow.
天;f必早起。
justification (rather formal) a good reaspn why sth
edsB t>r is done指事物存在或做某事的运_理忐：
/ can see no possible justification for any f urther tax
/nowses.我看木法述能提出什么理由再加税了。
.rear-wheel
'drive noun [U]
a system in which power from the engine is sent to the back wheels of a vehicle
后轮驱动（系统）一compare front-wheel drive
rea-S〇n O-w /*ri:zn/ noun, verb
Know/?
1 [C]〜（why | ~ (that …）| 〜（for st'h/for doing
sth) a cause or an explanation for sth that has happened or that sb has done 原.因；理由；解释：fd Zifce to fcnovv the
reason wfty you’re so kite.我想知道你为
什么迟到那么长时间。◊ VVe aren’t
going /or the simple reason that we can’t aj^brd it..我们不去，只是因为我们
负担不起。◊ She gave no
reasons/or her dedsi_on.她没 有对她的决定作出任何解释。◊ {have no
particuZar reason/or doubting Wm.我没肴什么特别的理由怀疑他。
0 He said no
but he didr^t give a reason. > iS.
.没有说明原因。❖ Give me one good reason why
J shouW hdpypu.我;^什么要帮你？给義一个充芬的理忐。ofor some reason (= one that I don^ know or don't understand)
we all have to come in early tomorrow.出于某 种原因，我们大家明天都不得不皁点来。◊The man attacked me for no apparent
reason.
.爭我。◊ S/ie resigned
/or personal reasons•她出个 人原因而辞职。◊ For reasons 〇/ security the door is
always fcept [odced.为了保怔安全，门总是锁着的。◊ Jfe wants to keep them all in his office for reasons best fcnovvntohimsei/他想把他们都留在他的办公室里，原
因只有他自己知运。◊ peopte who,/or whatever reason, are imaWe to support
tftemsdves知些因为种种原因不能
自立的人◊ ‘Why do you mint to fcrnnv?’ ‘Wo reason.’ (=I do not want to say why) “ 你为什么想知道？ ”“不 为.什么b ‘VVhy did she do that?’ ‘She must have her
reasons (= secret
reasons which she does not want to tell)/ ‘‘她为仟么那么做？” “她一定有她的理由。” {formal) He was excused by reason of (= because of) his age.他因为其年龄而得到原谅。2 [U]〜（to do sth) | 〜(why ...) | 〜（for sth/for doing sth)
a fact』that makes it right or
fair to do sth 正当理由；道理;情理：rhey have reason to Mieve that he is iying.他们有理由认为也 是在撒谎.。◊ We have every reason (= have very good reasons). to /ed oprimisric•我们完全有理由感到乐观。◊
GROUNDS OR
JUSTIFICATION? ffl
grounds
EM justification ?
Justification is used to talk about finding or understanding reasons
for actions, or trying to explain why it is a good idea to do sth. It is often
used with words like little, no, some, every, without, and not
any. Grounds is used more for talking about
reasons that already exist, or that have already been decided, for example by
law. * justification用于拽出:或明白[事的理' 由，歳輕释要丨故的％，常与little、no、some、every、 without相not any等词连用。grounds多用于已存在的 原因或已决定的丨法_等）根据：mora/Zeconom/c grounds道德/经济原因
cause (ratherformal) a reason for having
particular feelings or behaving i.n ^.particular way 某种感情或
，行为•生的原因、动机、缘故;7/jere Vs
no cause /〇/•
atom?.不必恐慌。.
pretext (rather formaf) a false reason that you give for doing
sth, usually sth bad, in order to hide the real reason指为掩盖i故某事（通常为不好的事）的真正理由
而找的借口、托词：We /e/f /w/ty
ear/y on 沩e
pretort 〇/知7v/’wg to mw/c.丨也借口有秦要处理，早早离开
了聚会。•
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS
■
(a/an)
reason/grounds/excuse/motive/need/ justification/cause/pretext for sth
■
the reason/motive behind
sth
■
on the grounds/pretext of/that ...
* (a) good/valid reason/grounds/excuse/motive/ justification/cause
the main/primary reason/grounds/excuse/motive/
justification/cause